A simple thermodynamic theory of the equilibrium potentials of membrane electrodes is formulated and applied to the glass electrode for measurement of pH. The new formulation assumes the selective adsorption or binding of specific ions on the surface of the membrane which may or may not be permeable to the ion, and includes the conventional derivation based on reversible ion transport across me...

Ahstruct A method for construction of cuff electrodes is presented. The method is based on using platinum foil electrodes fixed by rubber bands on a Teflon coated mandrel, that is then dip-coated with silicone. The method allows for design of cuff electrodes of practically any size, shape and electrode configuration, and simple cuffs can be built in less than one hour of work Cuff electrodes ha...

Coated wire lithium ion selective electrode was fabricated using lithium ionophore-VI, 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) and potassium tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl)borate (KTpClPB) on platinum wire. Lithium ion selective electrode was giving Nernstian response from 10 -1 M to 10 -4 M with a detection limit of 3x10 -5 M. The calibration slope of this lithium ion selective electrode was found to be 58....

Silicon micromachined, high-density, pyramid-shaped neural microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have been designed and fabricated for intracortical 3D recording and stimulation. The novel architecture of this MEA has made it unique among the currently available micromachined electrode arrays, as it has provided higher density contacts between the electrodes and targeted neural tissue facilitating recor...

the glucose oxidase (gox) electrochemical sensors were used to detect a little amount of glucose. in this paper, the pure platinum plate (length of 5 cm and a width of 3 mm), the ag/agcl electrode and platinum electrode (diameter of 1 mm) were applied as a working electrode (w.e), reference electrode and auxiliary electrode sequential. factors measured, glucose concentration and ph is phosphate...

The Glucose Oxidase (Gox) electrochemical sensors were used to detect a little amount of glucose. In this paper, the pure platinum plate (length of 5 cm and a width of 3 mm), the Ag/AgCl electrode and platinum electrode (diameter of 1 mm) were applied as a working electrode (W.E), reference electrode and auxiliary electrode sequential. Factors measured, glucose concentration and pH is Phosphate...

The Glucose Oxidase (Gox) electrochemical sensors were used to detect a little amount of glucose. In this paper, the pure platinum plate (length of 5 cm and a width of 3 mm), the Ag/AgCl electrode and platinum electrode (diameter of 1 mm) were applied as a working electrode (W.E), reference electrode and auxiliary electrode sequential. Factors measured, glucose concentration and pH is Phosphate...

the microbial fuel cells (mfcs) are a kind of systems through which the anaerobic bacteriaalong with the oxidation of simple or complicated organic matter in the wastewater can generate the electricpower. this is a modern approach used in generation of the clean and renewable energy. in this research, two pilot laboratories of double-chamber microbial fuel cells were made. one of them contained...

We report two 3D printed devices that can be used for electrochemical detection. In both cases, the electrode is housed in commercially available, polymer-based fittings so that the various electrode materials (platinum, platinum black, carbon, gold, silver) can be easily added to a threaded receiving port printed on the device; this enables a module-like approach to the experimental design, wh...

A biofuel cell (BFC) cathode has been developed based on direct electron transfer (DET) of hemoglobin (Hb) molecules with an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode and their electrocatalysis for reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In this study, the ITO-coated glass plates or porous glasses were prepared by using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and examined the electrochemical characteris...