introduction: the main inhibitors of coagulation pathway are antithrombin (at), protein c and protein s. these inhibitors are necessary to prevent thromboembolism. hereditary deficiency of inhibitors is the main cause of alteration in balance between the anti-clotting and the formation of thrombin. patients with this abnormality are susceptible to venous thromboembolism (vte). two major clinica...

Dear Sirs, Individual coagulation factor inhibitors and lupus anticoagulants generally result in prolonged clotting times in coagulation assays. By far the most frequently occurring individual coagulation factor inhibitors are allo-antibodies against factor (F) VIII and FIX. These inhibitors arise in 10–30% of haemophilia A and 4–5% of haemophilia B patients treated with FVIII or FIX concentrat...

We examined the effects on whole blood viscosity and coagulation time of various dosages of the synthetic low-molecular protease inhibitors gabexate mesilate and nafamostat mesilate with an oscillation-type viscometer. When either agent was added, blood viscosity decreased dose-dependently along a sigmoid-like curve. Furthermore, coagulation time was shorter with gabexate mesilate than with naf...

Acquired coagulation inhibitors are rare but acquired bleeding diathesis caused by autoimmune depletion or dysfunction of coagulation factors can be life-threatening. This occurs most frequently in elderly patients who lack disease associations. Acquired coagulation inhibitors may also arise in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The groups of patients who suffer from SLE most ...

An acquired formation of inhibitors to coagulation factors is a rare type of coagulopathy. The development of inhibitors for multiple coagulation factors has never been reported. A 75-year-old Japanese female underwent interventional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Five days after the last intervention, her prothrombin time decreased to 10%, and her activated partial thromboplastin time (...

Malignancy is associated with alterations in the hemostatic system that present as thromboembolic or bleeding complications. Antineoplastic treatment further escalates blood coagulation and fibrinolytic abnormalities. Moreover, hemostatic system inhibitors play a role in tissue maintenance or, contrarily, contribute to cancer progression. The inhibitors regulate migration, proliferation, apopto...

Circulating anticoagulants or inhibitors of clotting factors are defined as endogenously produced substances that interfere with various in vitro tests of coagulation. Anticoagulants are usually immunoglobulins, although other endogenous materials, such as heparin or fibrinogen split products, may inhibit in vivo or in vitro coagulation (Table 1). Specific inhibitors are immunoglobulins with ep...

Many anticoagulant drugs inhibiting proteins of the coagulation cascade have been developed. The main targets of anticoagulant drugs are thrombin and factor Xa; inhibiting these factors delays thrombus growth, thus preventing thrombosis while increasing bleeding risk. A balance between thrombosis and bleeding is ensured in the 'therapeutic window' of the anticoagulant drug concentration range. ...