The ability to accurately verify facial identity has important forensic implications, but this ability is fallible. Research suggests that anxiety at the time of encoding can impair subsequent recall, but no studies have investigated the effects of anxiety at the time of recall in an experimental paradigm. This study addresses this gap using the carbon dioxide (CO2) model of anxiety induction. ...

The influence of sympathetic nervous activity on cerebral circulation and cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity was investigated through inhibition of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH). A PO2 electrode, a PCO2 electrode and a plate-type thermocouple-flowmeter were placed on the pial surface of the cat brain. Cerebrocortical PO2, PCO2, cerebrocortical blood flow and arterial blood pressure were continuou...

Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the effect of inhalation of 7% CO2 and hyperventilation with 60% O2 on human cranial cerebrospinal fluid volume. During CO2 inhalation there was a reduction in the cranial CSF volume ranging from 0.7-23.7 ml (mean 9.36 ml). The degree of reduction in cranial CSF volume was independent of the individual subject's increase in end-expiratory pCO2 or m...

Although the ventilatory and heart rate responses to hypoxia are known to vary widely among subjects, it is not known how exercise or hypercapnia influence the intersubject variability of these responses. If the intersubject variability increases under such conditions, the inherent response of individuals will have more impact on ventilation and heart rate under a variety of hypoxic conditions ...

Borel J-C, Melo-Silva CA, Gakwaya S, Sériès F. Influence of CO2 on upper airway muscles and chest wall/diaphragm corticomotor responses assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation in awake healthy subjects. J Appl Physiol 112: 798–805, 2012. First published December 8, 2011; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00713.2011.—Rationale: functional interaction between upper airway (UA) dilator muscles and th...

Inhalation of 7.5% carbon dioxide increases anxiety and autonomic arousal and provides a novel experimental model of anxiety with which to evaluate pharmacological and psychological treatments for anxiety. To date several psychotropic drugs including benzodiazepines, SSRIs and SNRIs have been evaluated using the 7.5% CO2 model; however, it has yet to be used to evaluate psychological interventi...

BACKGROUND The effects of a 35% CO2 challenge were examined in healthy first-degree relatives of panic disorder patients and in healthy control subjects matched for age and gender. METHODS One single inhalation of a 35% CO2/65% O2 challenge was administered to 50 first-degree relatives of panic disorder patients and 50 control subjects. RESULTS The first-degree relatives were more reactive ...

To examine whether CPB influences pulmonary vascular sensitivity to CO2, we compared the effect of slight induced hypocarbia and hypercarbia on pulmonary circulation before and after CPB in ten mechanically ventilated patients undergoing CABG. Hypocarbia was produced by increasing tidal volume slightly and hypercarbia was then induced by adding CO2 to the inspired gas mixture. In another ten pa...

The 7.5% carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation model is used to provoke acute anxiety, for example to investigate the effects of anxiety on cognitive processes, or the efficacy of novel anxiolytic agents. However, little is known about the relationship of baseline anxiety sensitivity or trait anxiety (i.e., anxiety proneness), with an individual's response to the 7.5% CO2 challenge. We examined data ...