Calibration of nucleotide sequence divergence rates provides an important method by which to test many hypotheses of evolution. In the absence of an adequate fossil record, geological events, rather than the first appearances of sister taxa in the geological record, are often used to calibrate molecular clocks. The formation of the Isthmus of Panama, which isolated the tropical western Atlantic...

We investigate the low temperature magnetic behavior of three epitaxial Co/Ag multilayers, grown onto MgO (001) substrates, with a nominal content per period either half monolayer or one Co, and 8 16 Ag monolayers. The samples were studied by X-ray reflectivity diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, magnetometry ac susceptometry. results indicated well defined stacking sequence in growt...

There are 60 species of blood-feeding land leeches, 50 species belonging to the family Haemadipsidae and 10 species belonging to the family Xerobdellidae. Despite recent papers on the land leeches, their taxonomic identification is not fully understood, especially at a species level. In Korea, there have been no historical records of the terrestrial leeches, but recently an unrecorded blood-fee...

Euglossine bees (Apidae; Euglossini) exclusively pollinate hundreds of orchid species and comprise up to 25% of bee species richness in neotropical rainforests. As one of the first studies of comparative phylogeography in a neotropical insect group, we performed a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-based analysis of 14 euglossine species represented by populations sampled across the Andes and/or across ...

Repeated Quaternary glaciations have significantly shaped the present distribution and diversity of several European species in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. To study the phylogeography of freshwater invertebrates, patterns of intraspecific variation have been examined primarily using mitochondrial DNA markers that may yield results unrepresentative of the true species history. Here, popula...

Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the giant freshwater prawn, is an important source of high quality protein and occurs naturally in rivers as well as commercial farms in South and South-East Asia, including Bangladesh. This study investigated the genetic variation and population structure of M. rosenbergii sampled from four rivers in Bangladesh (sample size ranged from 19 to 20), assessing sequence v...

Submitted: 21 July 2014 Accepted: 9 November 2014 doi:10.1111/zsc.12096 Locke S.A., Caffara M., Marcogliese D.J., Fioravanti M.L. (2015). A large-scale molecular survey of Clinostomum (Digenea, Clinostomidae). —Zoologica Scripta, 44, 203–217. Members of the genus Clinostomum Leidy, 1856 are parasites that mature in birds, with occasional reports in humans. Because morphological characters for r...