objective(s): htlv-i and hiv virus quantification is an important marker for assessment of virus activities. since there is a direct relationship between the number of virus and disease progression, htlv- i and hiv co-infection might have an influence on the development of viral associated diseases, thus, viral replication of these viruses and co-infection were evaluated.   materials and method...

Background: In the last 10 years, co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus/human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HIV/HTLV-1) has emerged as a worldwide health problem. These viruses has the same route to infect human but different effects on CD4 positive T-cells. There was controversial results about the influence of co-infection HIV/HTLV-1 pathogenesis. This study compared clinical course and lab...

In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to examine the transmission dynamics of curable malaria, curable mTB and non-curable HIV/AIDS and their co-infection. The size of population has been taken as varying due to the emigration of susceptible population. The total population is divided into five subclasses as susceptible, malaria infected, mTB infected, HIV infection and AIDS by assumin...

Background: The main viral causes of acute respiratory diseases (ARDs) include influenza viruses A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), rhinovirus, and parainfluenza viruses (PIV). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of respiratory RSV, ADV and rhinovirus in patients with flu-like symptoms admitted to Mazandaran province health centers in north of Iran. Metho...

This experimental study was carried out to induce a co-infection of H9 AIV and IBV with inoculumsprepared from tracheal scrubbed epithelium tissues in natural co-infected birds to rule out the effect of fieldundesired environmental conditions and also other infectious causative agents. Eighty 1-day-old broilerswere randomly divided into four equal groups. At 21 days of age, three test groups we...

Background HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis (TB) are major contributors to the burden of disease in sub-Saharan Africa. The two diseases have been described as a harmful synergy as they are biologically and epidemiologically linked. Control of TB/HIV co-infection is an integral and most challenging part of both national TB and national HIV control programmes, especially in contexts of instability wher...

Background and Aims: Co-infection of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients can develop and increase liver disease and hepatic complications in the world. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of HEV infection in patients suffering from chronic HCV infection. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study testing anti-HEV antibodies in serum...