Our long-term goal is unchanged from last year. It is to learn how to predict the cloudiness, entrainment rate, and turbulent fluxes in the marine boundary layer under any and all large-scale conditions. In particular the effects of varying sea surface temperature, varying inversion strength, and varying mean winds must be included. The cloudiness types encompassed include fog, stratus, stratoc...

New data on clouds and moisture, made possible by reanalysis of weather satellite observations, show that the atmosphere reacts to warm ocean pools in the Western Pacific Ocean with increased moisture and cloudiness~ suggesting a negative feedback limiting the rise in seasurface temperature. The reverse was observed over hot deserts where both moisture and cloudiness decrease, suggesting a posi...

Clouds are primary modulators of Earth's energy balance. It is thus important to understand the links connecting variabilities in cloudiness other state variables climate system, and also describe how these would change a changing climate. A conceptual model global can help elucidate points. In this work we derive simple representations cloudiness, that be useful creating theory cloudiness. The...

The proposed influence of cosmic rays on cloud formation is tested for the effect of sudden intensity changes of CR (Forbush decreases) on cloudiness. An attempt is made to widen the investigated period covered by satellite observation of cloudiness. As an indicator of cloud cover, the diurnal temperature range (DTR a quantity anticorrelated with cloudiness) is used. The superposed epoch analys...

BACKGROUND/AIM Environmental factors may influence the disease activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the in- fluence of air pollution and seasonal climate factors of any on number of relapses in MS patients during a consecutive 5 years of observation. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data of MS patients from the town of...

natural climatic conditions in urban areas can be changed by human physical environment. climate as a natural system and city as a human system have close mutual connections. urban population growth and consequent increase in urban physical expansion may lead to intensification in human activities and disturbances in the environment. this contributes to alterations in solar radiation, balance o...

Terrestrial ecosystems of northern Eurasia are demonstrating an increasing gross primary productivity (GPP), yet few studies have provided definitive attribution for the changes. While prior studies point to increasing temperatures as the principle environmental control, influences from moisture and other factors are less clear. We assess how changes in temperature, precipitation, cloudiness, a...