The classical panel method has been extensively used in external aerodynamics to calculate ideal flow fields around moving vehicles or stationary structures in unbounded domains. However, the panel method, as a somewhat simpler implementation of the boundary element method, has rarely been employed to solve problems in closed complex domains. This paper aims at filling this gap and discusses th...

Let S be a locally compact foundation semigroup with identity and                          be its semigroup algebra. Let X be a weak*-closed left translation invariant subspace of    In this paper, we prove that  X  is invariantly  complemented in   if and  only if  the left ideal  of    has a bounded approximate identity. We also prove that a foundation semigroup with identity S is left amenab...

We study the relationship between the σ-ideal generated by closed measure zero sets and the ideals of null and meager sets. We show that the additivity of the ideal of closed measure zero sets is not bigger than covering for category. As a consequence we get that the additivity of the ideal of closed measure zero sets is equal to the additivity of the ideal of meager sets.

By applying the figure of a closed circle, paper aims to interpret phenomenon palanka, elaborated by Radomir Konstatinovic in his book titled Philosophy Palanka. One main goals nationalism palanka is achieving completeness, inhibition, and rooting itself reality an island/isolation, thus emphasizing uniqueness, chosen, perfect nature. Through prism Bible, it often believed that nation, chosen G...

The notions of N-subalgebras and N-closed ideals in BCH-algebras are introduced, and the relation between N-subalgebras and N-closed ideals is considered. Characterizations of Nsubalgebras andN-closed ideals are provided. Using special subsets,N-subalgebras andN-closed ideals are constructed. A condition for anN-subalgebra to be anN-closed ideal is discussed. Given an N-structure, the greatestN...

Neutrosophic N -structures with applications in BCK/BCI-algebras is discussed. The notions of a neutrosophic N -subalgebra and a (closed) neutrosophic N -ideal in a BCK/BCI-algebra are introduced, and several related properties are investigated. Characterizations of a neutrosophic N -subalgebra and a neutrosophic N -ideal are considered, and relations between a neutrosophic N -subalgebra and a ...