To estimate the water requirements of exclusively breast-fed infants in a hot climate, theoretical calculations of water requirements were made and a field study was carried out in Jamaica. Three urine samples were collected from each of 16 infants. The specific gravity of individual urine samples ranged from 1.005 through 1.015, with a mean of 1.009 (SD +/- 0.002). Corresponding values for osm...

The long term goal of this study is to design a battery of objective clinical neurological tests which are appropriate for patients with multiple sclerosis, so that the results of therapeutic trials in this disease might be evaluated with less bias and hence be more valid. In this study some of the conventional neurologic tests used by clinicians’, to evaluate functional capacity of multiple sc...

Within the professions of radiation therapy and medical imaging, clinician led research activity is becoming more prevalent. However, more is needed. A key component of continuing to develop professional groups who are both research active and producing high quality clinical research, is research mentoring. The authors of this paper share a common interest in enhancing research capacity through...

OBJECTIVES The combination of clinical psychologists' therapeutic expertise and research training means that they are in an ideal position to be conducting high-quality research projects. However, despite these skills and the documented benefits of research to services and service users, research activity in practice remains low. This article aims to give an overview of the advantages of, and d...

Case-control and cohort studies are invaluable research tools and provide the strongest feasible research designs for addressing some questions. Case-control studies usually involve retrospective data collection. Cohort studies can involve retrospective, ambidirectional, or prospective data collection. Observational studies are subject to errors attributable to selection bias, confounding, meas...

background: following professional standards is the main concern of all managers in organizations. the functions of nurses are essential for both productivity and improving health organizations. in human resources management, supporting nursing profession is of ultimate importance. however, nurses’ experiences of perceived support, which are affected by various factors in workplace, have not be...

Background: Clinical research is a specific phase of the production process in the pharmaceutical industry in which companies test candidate drugs on patients in order to collect clinical evidence about safety and effectiveness.Objective: This paper is an operational research which aimed to support the hypothesis that pharmaceutical clinical research is l...

Clinical nursing research is an emerging subspecialty that enhances nursing expertise. In an effort to provide a basic educational curriculum on cancer research and clinical trials, a major academic cancer center launched a novel program titled Clinical Research Nursing Grand Rounds that allowed nurses to receive continuing education units. The purpose of the current article is to describe the ...