Recent efforts to project vegetation responses to climatic warming have emphasized the tight linkages between climate and vegetation distribution. Here we provide several examples indicating that the direct effects of climatic warming on boreal vegetation can be qualitatively different than the indirect effects mediated by climatic responses of herbivores. These herbivore-mediated vegetation re...

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Living with fire is a challenge for human communities because they are influenced by socio-economic, political, ecological and climatic processes at various spatial and temporal scales. Over the course of 2 days, the authors discussed how communities could live with fire challenges at local, national and transnational scales. Exploiting our diverse, international and interdisciplinary expertise...

INTRODUCTION Cholera, an infectious diarrheal disease, has been shown to be associated with large scale hydroclimatic processes. The sudden and sporadic occurrence of epidemic cholera is linked with high mortality rates, in part, due to uncertainty in timing and location of outbreaks. Improved understanding of the relationship between pathogenic abundance and climatic processes allows predictio...

in reticulocytes (Fig. 2). The correlation coefficients for GSH/PCV and reticulocyte count for each group on each sample day were not significant when compared with published critical values (13). Elevated GSH/PCV may indicate a unique biochemical response by avian red cells experiencing oxidant stress or a toxic mechanism involving reduced activity of a GSH-dependent enzyme such as glutathione...

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Herbivores and fungal pathogens are key drivers of plant community composition and functioning. The effects of herbivores and pathogens are mediated by the diversity and functional characteristics of their host plants. However, the combined effects of herbivory and pathogen damage, and their consequences for plant performance, have not yet been addressed in the context of biodiversity-ecosystem...

Extreme climatic events have a major role in the structuring of biological communities, and their occurrence is expected to increase due to climate change. Here I use a manipulative approach to test the effects of extreme storm events on rocky mid-shore assemblages. This study shows that an extreme storm can cause more negative effects than several mild storms, primarily by bringing the biologi...

This study attempts to quantify the relative contributions of vegetation greening in China due to climatic and human influences from multiple observational datasets. Satellite measured vegetation greenness, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and relevant climate, land cover, and socioeconomic data since 1982 are analyzed using a multiple linear regression (MLR) method. A statistical...

in this study, long-term trends and abrupt changes of hydro-climatic variables was investigated in the observed period 1971-2000 for aidoghmoush basin using mann-kendall nonparametric test and cumulative curve of climatic variables-runoff, respectively. results show decrease trends for rainfall and runoff and increase trend for temperature by the mann-kendall test with a confidence level of 99%...