We examine some elementary interpretations of the classical theorem of CLAPEYRON in linear elasticity theory. As we show, a straightforward application of this theorem in the purely mechanical setting leads to an apparent paradox which can be resolved by referring either to dynamics or to thermodynamics. These richer theories play an essential part in understanding the physical significance of ...

Most theoretical descriptions of stresses induced by freezing are rooted in the (generalized) Clapeyron equation, which predicts pressure that a solid can exert as it cools below its melting temperature. This equation is central for topics ranging beyond glaciology to geomorphology, civil engineering, food storage, and cryopreservation. However, has inherent limitations, requiring isotropic con...

We use first-principles free-energy calculations to predict a pressure-induced spin crossover in the liquid planetary material (Mg,Fe)O, whereby the magnetic moments of Fe ions vanish gradually over a range of hundreds of GPa. Because electronic entropy strongly favors the nonmagnetic low-spin state of Fe, the crossover has a negative effective Clapeyron slope, in stark contrast to the crystall...

In answer to a Comment by Belonoshko [Phys. Rev. B (to be published)], we show that the B1-liquid melting curve of MgO obtained using two-phase simulations is in good agreement with the published one obtained using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation in conjunction with separate single phase calculations of liquid and solid. The main point of the Comment by Belonoshko [1] regards the calculation of...

[1] To explore the role of hurricanes in the climate system, a detailed analysis is made of the bulk atmospheric moisture budget of Ivan in September 2004 and Katrina in August 2005 from simulations with the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model at 4 km resolution without parameterized convection. Heavy precipitation exceeding 20 mm h 1 in the storms greatly exceeds the surface flux of m...

Determination of the adsorption properties of novel activated carbons is important to develop new air quality control technologies that can solve air quality problems in a more environmentally sustainable manner. Equilibrium adsorption capacities and heats of adsorption are important parameters for process analysis and design. Experimental adsorption isotherms were thus obtained for relevant or...

We have previously developed a phase-field model of solidification that includes convection in the melt [Physica D 135 (2000) 175]. This model represents the two phases as viscous liquids, where the putative solid phase has a viscosity much larger than the liquid phase. The object of this paper is to examine in detail a simplified version of the governing equations for this phase-field model in...