conclusions since parents’ behaviors affect their children, it is advisable to implement effective interventional programs to increase parents’ awareness about smoking and its harmful environmental effects. results results of the study showed that 76.4% of children knew what a cigarette is; 41.2% had talked about smoking with their parents; 1.4% had asked to buy one due to the attractive appear...

background and objective: non-specific granulomatous prostatitis is an uncommon diffuse inflammatory condition of the prostate. it is important because it may be mistaken for prostatic carcinoma. the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of non-specific granulomatous prostatitis (nsgp) and comparing the results of transrectal ultrasonography, serum prostate specific antigen (psa) and...

context resilience can be seen as an adaption to stress, such as that caused by health problems or disease, that attenuates the negative effects of stress. the present research performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to study resilience scores among adults diagnosed with chronic physical diseases. evidence acquisition electronic databases, including persian language (scientific informat...

conclusions the results of this study showed that self-management interventions are effective in promoting self-efficacy in patients with sickle cell disease. thus, the use of self-management programs is advisable to change behaviors and promote self-efficacy in such patients. background patients with sickle cell disease suffer from various complications during their lifetime. in order to cope ...

background: chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (copd) are planned to rank fifth in burden of disease and third with respect to mortality by 2020. carrying out research regarding different aspects of copd is mentioned as important health priorities by academic institutions and governments. the burden of lung disease (bold) initiative was designed a decade ago to develop robust models that ca...

background: non-communicable diseases (ncds) annually kill over 35 million people worldwide. they are responsible for nearly two-thirds of the world's deaths. global health is facing a dramatic change. for the first time in human history, more than 80% of ncd-related deaths are in low- and middle-income countries. countries throughout the world are expected to lose significant amounts of nation...