Background and Objectives: The cause and pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis has not been fully understood and an experimental model of this disease is essential for research on the problem. In this research study, establishment and histopathological changes of chronic arthritis due to intra-articula...

Patients with chronic immune-mediated arthritis exhibit abnormal hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. The basis for this abnormality is not known. Immune-mediated arthritis is associated with increased extra-adrenal synthesis of active glucocorticoids by the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) enzyme. 11β-HSD1 is expressed in the central nervous system, including re...

About half of U.S. adults have at least one chronic health condition, and the prevalence of multiple (two or more) chronic conditions increased from 21.8% in 2001 to 25.5% in 2012. Chronic conditions profoundly affect quality of life, are leading causes of death and disability, and account for 86% of total health care spending. Arthritis is a common cause of disability, one of the most common c...

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with varied manifestations, including functional limitation and reduced quality of life. Improved understanding the immunopathogenesis psoriatic arthritis, particularly role interleukin-23 interleukin-17 axis, has led to development therapeutic targets alter natural history condition. In this article, we review monoclonal antibodi...

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory proliferative disorder of the skin that appears in many different forms and affect different parts of the body including the nails and joints. It may affect the quality of life by causing psychosocial stress. Psoriatic arthritis is a seronegative spondyloarthropathy with involvement of axial and peripheral joints. Involvement of temporomo andibular joint is a...

Lipomembranous panniculitis is a special type of fat necrosis which has been associated with several clinical conditions, mainly chronic venous insufficiency and connective tissue disorders such as lupus profundus, morphea, systemic sclerosis, and dermatomyositis .We report a 50 yearold woman with known rheumatoid arthritis who presented with a painful indurated erythematous plaque on her right...