Introduction: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases affecting chondrogenesis or the function of articular cartilage. The purpose of the present study was to find the effect of soybean extract on reduction of detoriation effects of oxidativestress in embryonic chondrogenesis in vitro. Methods: In order to separate ectoderm from mesenchyme, the limb buds ...

The manus and pes were studied using whole-mount and histological preparations of ontogenetic series of Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta. Patterns of connectivity and sequences of chondrification events are similar to those reported for other turtle species, with respect to both the primary axis and the digital arch. There is no evidence of anterior condensations in the region distal to the r...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To evaluate and describe the cartilaginous and muscular development of the rat larynx. STUDY DESIGN Histologic evaluation. METHODS The larynges of Sprague Dawley rats of embryonic day (E) 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, postnatal day 0, 14, and adult of 250 gm were collected. Four larynges of each age were harvested, cut into 15-μm serial sections, stained with hematoxylin and eos...

The pelvic skeleton is formed via endochondral ossification. However, it is not known how the normal cartilage is formed before ossification occurs. Furthermore, the overall timeline of cartilage formation and the morphology of the cartilage in the pelvis are unclear. In this study, cartilage formation in the pelvic skeletons of 25 human fetuses (crown-rump length [CRL] = 11.9-75.0 mm) was obse...

Despite its cloven hooves, the normal cow, like other ruminants, shows a mild degree of syndactylism. In the adult, metacarpalia and metatarsalia III and IV are intimately fused with each other to form the cannon bone, but they arise as separate blastemata which undergo separate chondrification. Inherited syndactylism with a single hoof on the forelimbs and occasionally also on the hindlimbs ha...

D ' A R C Y THOMPSON (1942) described the form of antlers as having developed in a two-dimensional pattern which, during growth, may have become more or less distorted depending on the species. In some (e.g. moose, fallow deer), the antlers may exhibit a palmate configuration; in most deer, however, they are branched structures formed by the repeated two-dimensional bifurcation of the original ...

In all vertebrate embryos, segmental streams of cranial neural crest cells migrate to form the pharyngeal arches and differentiate into cartilages and bones of the head skeleton. In gnathostomes, the head skeleton has a dorsoventral (DV) polarity from its first appearance: dorsal and ventral cartilages of different shapes (such as the upper jaw and lower jaw in the first arch) are separated by ...

Articular cartilage rarely reforms a functional hyaline surface after injury. Most simple cartilage lacerative injuries reach a benign nonhealing phase, which remains unchanged over time. Deeper cartilage lesions, which violate the tide-mark and extend into the subchondral bone plate, result in an improved healing response. This is largely because of the proliferation of undifferentiated mesenc...

Horky D.: The Submicroscopic StrUCture of Articular Cartilage in the Adult Pig. Acta vet. Bmo, 62,1993: 9-18. Articular cartilage collected from the femoral heads of 5 adult pigs of both sexes,_ aged 14-24 months, was studied by light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. . . Chondrocytes of the surface layer were oval in shape and sent out short projections into the sur...