Presence of joints and fractures in rocks strongly influences the behavior of the rock mass by dividing the media into smaller units. These structures intensify the potential instability besides the development of sliding and rotational movements. The assumption of discontinuum media changes the whole analysis conditions in relation to the continuum analysis. Acquisition of geometrical and stru...

The determination of the Ultimate Pit Limit (UPL) is the first step in the open pit mine planning process. In this stage that parts of the mineral deposit that are economic to mine are determined. There are several mathematical, heuristic and meta-heuristic algorithms to determine UPL. The optimization criterion in these algorithms is maximization of the total profit whilst satisfying...

The process of developing an iron ore mine from exploration data through to informed mining decisions provides an example of a Complex Adaptive System. The detailed composition of an ore body (expressed as a “block model” of regularly spaced rectangular blocks) has to be estimated from initially sparse exploration data, based upon a limited number of drill holes. As planning proceeds, the data ...

The origin of the Proterozoic Choghart iron oxide deposit in the Bafq mining district of Central Iran has been the subject of a long-standing dispute. Some authors believe that it was formed from magma, while others suggest metasomatic replacement of preexisting rocks. The present study on the basis of new oxygen isotope, REE and geochemical data concludes that neither of these two hypotheses c...

According to the publication by US Minerals Survey in 1999, the total reserve of manganese ore in the world is 0.66 billion tons. See Table 1. Table 1 World Manganese ore reserve(Mn metal weight, million tons) __________________________________________ Name of counties Reserve in 1999 __________________________________________ South Africa 370 Ukraine 135 China 40 India 34 Australia 26 Gabon 20...

the origin of the proterozoic choghart iron oxide deposit in the bafq mining district of central iran has been the subject of a long-standing dispute. some authors believe that it was formed from magma, while others suggest metasomatic replacement of preexisting rocks. the present study on the basis of new oxygen isotope, ree and geochemical data concludes that neither of these two hypotheses c...

in this paper, iron ore sample from the chadormalu was investigated to determine some comminution properties. chadormalu deposit is one of the largest iron ore mine in iran, which is located in yazd province. the representative ore sample contained 57%fe, 0.9%p and 0.17%s. the sample was crushed; afterward, it was ground in various grinding times according to the bond ball mill approach to spec...

The aim of the present study was to investigate if underground miners exposed to dust and diesel exhaust in an iron ore mine would show signs of airway inflammation as reflected in induced sputum. In total, 22 miners were studied, once after a holiday of at least 2 weeks and the second time after 3 months of regular work. Control subjects were 21 "white-collar" workers. All subjects completed a...

A new species of Archaea grows at pH approximately 0.5 and approximately 40 degrees C in slime streamers and attached to pyrite surfaces at a sulfide ore body, Iron Mountain, California. This iron-oxidizing Archaeon is capable of growth at pH 0. This species represents a dominant prokaryote in the environment studied (slimes and sediments) and constituted up to 85% of the microbial community wh...