During the early decades of the last century, skeletal muscle was held to be impermeable to chloride ions. This theory, based on shaky grounds, was famously falsified by Boyle and Conway in 1941. Two decades later and onwards, the larger part of the resting conductance of skeletal muscle was found to be due to chloride ions, sensitive to the chemical environment, and to be time-and-voltage depe...

Chloride ions were found to potentially increase activity of cerussite surfaces. Dissolution experiments, zeta potential measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies, and density functional theory (DFT) computation were conducted in this study. Dissolution experiments showed that the lead ion concentrations in the NaCl solution system were lower than those in the deionized water...

The corrosion inhibition performance of acetylacetonate complexes of zinc(II), manganese(II), cobalt(II) and copper(II) on the mild steel substrate in 1M H3PO4 was studied using DC polarization. It was seen that the mentioned complexes decreased corrosion rate of mild steel in phosphoric acid media due to the adsorption on metal surface. The potential of mild steel shifted toward more active po...

A novel method with quaternary ammonium salts as internal additives has been applied to the mass scale calibration of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Five kinds of quaternary ammonium salts, octyltrimethylammonium bromide (C8TMA), tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride (C14TMA), octadecytrimethylammonium chloride (C18TMA), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and benzyldimeth...

Plastic encapsulated microcircuits with aluminum triple track structures were exposed to mixed flowing gas conditions to simulate and accelerate possible environments during long-term storage. No increase in resistance was measured and no corrosion products were observed after 800 h of accelerated exposure. Further experimentation indicated that chloride gas reacts with surface moisture in micr...

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(11)H(26)N(3) (+)·Cl(-)·C(4)H(4)N(4), the (2Z)-2,3-diamino-but-2-ene-dinitrile (Z-DAMN) mol-ecules are connected with the chloride ions via N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming ribbons running along the a axis. The guanidinium ions are located in between the ribbons formed by Z-DAMN mol-ecules and chloride ions.

In this paper, a rapid and room temperature electrochemical method is introduced in preparationof Ni doped iron oxide nanoparticles (Ni-IONs) grafted with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). EDTA/Ni-IONs and PVA/Ni-IONs samples were prepared through baseelectro-generation on the cathode surface from aqueous solution of iron(II) chloride, iron(III...

Carassius auratus placed in a dilute sodium chloride solution (400 gM) is able to absorb sodium and chloride ions at very different rates, or to absorb one ion and to lose the other. This is the case not only for fish which have been previously kept in choline chloride or sodium sulfate solutions or deionized water, in order to stimulate their absorption processes, but also in control fish whic...

A resonance light scattering (RLS) technique to determine chloride ions in drinks was developed. Chloride ions were found to bind Ag(+) forming AgCl aggregates that produced intense resonance scattering light. Effects of factors such as acidity, ionic strength, and coexistent interferents on the RLS of AgCl aggregates were investigated. The pH of solution almost did not affect the production of...

In isolated skins of Leptodactylus ocellatus the short-circuit current is smaller than the sodium net flux and this difference disappears when the skins are bathed in solutions in which the chloride ions have been replaced by sulfate or methylsulfate ions. There is a net movement of chloride ions from outside to inside of the skins in the short-circuit condition with chloride Ringer's solutions...