Fifty out of 100 patients with typhoid fever, matched for age, stage of illness, and degree of fever, were treated with chloramphenicol and the other 50 were treated with chloramphenicol combined with ampicillin. The febrile period was shortened by up to 29% in patients treated with the combined drugs compared with those given only chloramphenicol. Moreover, no patient on combined therapy had a...

To study the mechanism by which chloramphenicol inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, we examined the kinetics of the puromycin-induced release of peptides from transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) in the presence and in the absence of chloramphenicol. Washed Escherichia coli ribosomes with nascent peptides which had been radioactively labeled in vivo were used for this study. When such ribosomes w...

Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) is an enzyme encoded by plasmids that detoxify the antibiotic chloramphenicol. It is responsible for chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase covalently attaches an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to chloramphenicol which prevents chloramphenicol from binding to ribosomes. CAT is used as a reporter gene marker for the succe...

A chloramphenicol-resistant mutant, isolated from mouse A9 cells, was enucleated and fused with a nucleated chloramphenicol-sensitive mouse cell line. Resultant fusion products, cytoplasmic hybrids (or "cybrids"), were selected as resistant to chloramphenicol, and had the nuclear markers and chromosome complement of the chloramphenicol-sensitive parent. These cybrids appeared at the high freque...

We evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Sch 24893, Sch 25298, and Sch 25393, three novel analogs of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol. All of the analogs had minimal inhibitory concentrations of less than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml for 18 chloramphenicol-thiamphenicol-resistant strains of Shigella dysenteriae and 21 strains of resistant Salmonella typhi. The analogs were also more...