Nacrtak The importance of forest wood chips as fuel for energy production will increase relative to sawmill by-products. The additional production is not a question of potential (harvesting residues, wood from thinning, coppice stands and short rotation forests) but more so a question of economic feasibility. The analyses of different chip production systems resulted in the identification of tw...

Acknowledging the absence of up-to-date empirical data on the value retention, service life and annual use of chipping machinery, in 2017 the authors surveyed the records kept by 50 contractors offering biomass chipping services. The machine fleet and operations in this survey could be taken as representative for most of Europe, where the biomass sector is well established and is facing further...

In tree-length harvesting operations, the trees are usually delimbed and topped in the woods. Sawlogs are bucked, and pulpwood is loaded tree-length. The use of in-woods chipping has been limited to energywood production because high bark content limits the use of whole-tree chips as pulp furnish. Flail delimbing and debarking allows economical processing and chipping of whole trees in the wood...

To be able to understand more in detail what actually happens during chipping, the strain field in a chip during chipping was studied by means of the Digital Speckle Photography (DSP) technique. In addition to recording the strain field, the load on and displacement of the chipping tool was also recorded. The equipment used in this study was a DSP system, an MTS servo hydraulic testing machine ...

Short rotation poplar plantations grow on flat and even terrain, the interrow spacing is wide enough for easy machine access. If terrain firm enough, one may consider moving classic roadside chipping operation directly into field (i.e., chipping), thus saving wood extraction cost. This study compared efficiency cost of conducted with exactly same equipment, to assess benefits offered by versati...

Chipping of the ceramic veneer is reported as a frequent occurrence when using zirconia-based fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). One possible cause of this complication is the inadequate support of the veneering ceramic by the zirconia substructure. In this article, early clinical observations from patients treated with 96 zirconia-based ceramic single- and multiple-unit FDPs on natural teeth and ...

| Detection methods for multiple rate Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) signalling are addressed. Attention is focussed on the development of receivers based on the minimum mean squared error (MMSE). Due to the cyclostationarity of the mul-tirate signal, a representation of the multirate signal in terms of the Fourier basis is possible. This expansion facilitates construct...

An analysis of chipping fracture in brittle solids is presented. Cracks are introduced into the edges of selected materials, including soda-lime glass and fine-grain ceramics, using a Vickers indenter in monotonic loading. The ensuing chip morphology is examined and shown to exhibit a certain geometrical similarity, independent of material properties. A simple universal relation is derived for ...

We investigate an idealized model for the size reduction and smoothing of a polygonal rock due to repeated chipping at corners. Each chip is sufficiently small so that only a single corner and a fraction of its two adjacent sides are cut from the object in a single chipping event. After many chips have been cut away, the resulting shape of the rock is generally anisotropic, with facet lengths a...

We discuss the architecture and design of parallel sampling front ends for analog to information (A2I) converters. As a way of example, we detail the design of a custom 0.5 μm CMOS implementation of a mixed signal parallel sampling encoder architecture. The system consists of configurable parallel analog processing channels, whose output is sampled by traditional analog-to-digital converters (A...