There are two ways of incorporating temporal distinctions into a system of logic: tensed theories propose to expand standard logic with intensional tense operators; tenseless theories try to make do with the resources of extensional first-order logic, by using quantification over suitably chosen temporal entities, such as metaphysically basic time points or temporal parts. My concern in this pa...

JAN A. HERMAN and ALEX. G. HARRISON. Can. J . Chem. 59,2133 (1981). A series of formate (methyl through butyl) and acetate (methyl through pentyl) esters have been protonated in the gas phase by the Brgnsted acids H3+, N2H+, C02H+, N20H+, and HCO+. Carbonyl oxygen protonation is 87-97 kcal mol-' exothermic for H,+ and 47-57 kcal mol-' exothermic for the weakest acid HCO+, permitting a study of ...