This review examines basic principles and applications of voltammetric electronic tongues. It is introduced by a description of the concept of electronic tongues or taste sensors followed by a general overview of electrochemical measurement principles that have been used for electronic tongues. A special emphasis is given on measurement principles for voltammetric electronic tongues, also inclu...

This paper addresses the need for a broad-base signal conditioning module designed to process chemical sensor signals in such a way that the output of the conditioning circuits ensures similar baseline and dynamic range, regardless of fabrication variation and sensor drift. These baseline compensation circuits are demonstrated in the context of processing resistance changes from composite polym...

Artificial protocellular compartments and lipid vesicles have been used as model systems to understand the origins and requirements for early cells, as well as to design encapsulated reactors for biotechnology. One prominent feature of vesicles is the semi-permeable nature of their membranes, able to support passive diffusion of individual solute species into/out of the compartment, in addition...

A three year old boy with delayed separation of the umbilical cord, recurrent pyogenic infections and common variable immundeficiency is presented. The immunoglobulin measurement was severely abnormal. To the best of our knowledge, the existance of leukocyte adhesion disorder together with common variable immunodeficiency (CYID) in a patient has not been reported prior to this study.

an analysis is carried out to investigate the effects of variable chemical reaction, thermophoresis, temperaturedependent viscosity and thermal radiation on an unsteady mhd free convective heat and mass transfer flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting fluid past an impulsively started infinite inclined porous plate by taking into account the viscous dissipation effects. the g...

Debates about poverty relief and foreign aid often hinge on claims about how many poor people there are in the world and what constitutes poverty. Good measures of poverty are essential for addressing the world poverty problem. Measures of poverty require a basis for determining who is poor and a method of aggregation. Historically, the methods of aggregation were quite simple. The headcount in...

Measuring a quantum system can randomly perturb its state. The strength and nature of this back-action depends on the quantity which is measured. In a partial measurement performed by an ideal apparatus, quantum physics predicts that the system remains in a pure state whose evolution can be tracked perfectly from the measurement record. We demonstrate this property using a superconducting qubit...