A Publication of the Association for Iron & Steel Technology Ironand steelmaking processes present a largely untapped opportunity to transform some of the world’s most problematic waste streams into raw materials for production. This opportunity lies in their high-temperature environments, which offer sustainable pathways for utilizing chemical reactions to repurpose waste materials as resource...

The cell-free biocatalytic production of fine chemicals by oxidoreductases has continuously grown over the past years. Since especially dehydrogenases depend on the stoichiometric use of nicotinamide pyridine cofactors, an integrated efficient recycling system is crucial to allow process operation under economic conditions. Lately, the variety of cofactors for biocatalysis was broadened by the ...

Paper product manufacturing involves a variety of chemicals used either directly in paper and pulp production or in the conversion processes (i.e. printing, gluing) that follow. Due to economic and environmental initiatives, paper recycling rates continue to rise. In Europe, recycling has increased by nearly 20% within the last decade or so, reaching a level of almost 72% in 2012. With increasi...

Chemical costs can be a significant part of semiconductor manufacturing materials cost. True chemical cost consists of raw chemical price, handling expenses and disposal of used chemicals. Some of this usage can be cut back by recycling the chemicals for re-use. This paper describes the work done to establish the use of recycled chemical for etch processing during Gallium Arsenide Hetero-juncti...