Based on the previous article 'Cellular Thermodynamics' (2004) by Joe Wolfe Article contents • Introduction • Equilibrium • Steady state • Heat, light, photons and 'useful energy' • Macroscopic and microscopic views • Distribution of molecules and energy: low energy vs. high entropy • Reaction rates and equilibria • Enthalpy • Gibbs free energy • Other equilibria • The chemical potential • Surf...

the determination region of solubility of methanol with gasoline of high aromatic content was investigated experimentally at temperature of 288.2 k. a type 1 liquid-liquid phase diagram was obtained for this ternary system. these results were correlated simultaneously by the uniquac model. the values of the interaction parameters between each pair of components in the system were obtained for t...

In this paper we discuss the question of how to decide when a system of chemical reactions is incapable of admitting multiple equilibria. Our results relate previously described linear algebraic and graph theoretic conditions for injectivity of chemical reaction systems. After developing a translation between the two formalisms, we show that a graph-theoretic test developed earlier in the conte...

This work pertains to chemical reaction networks and their equilibria, called steady-states. Our main result states that for a cyclic chemical reaction network, there is a straightforward characterization for when a complex balancing steady state exists. We then extend our results to chemical reaction networks consisting of a closed path traversing each directed edge exactly once.

Cliff WH. Chemistry misconceptions associated with understanding calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Adv Physiol Educ 33: 323–328, 2009; doi:10.1152/advan.00073.2009.—Successful learning of many aspects in physiology depends on a meaningful understanding of fundamental chemistry concepts. Two conceptual diagnostic questions measured student understanding of the chemical equilibrium underlying ca...

A chemical model of the acid-base properties is optimized for each white wine under study, together with the calculation of their ionic strength, taking into account the contributions of all significant ionic species (strong electrolytes and weak one sensitive to the chemical equilibria). Coupling the HPLC-IEC and HPLC-RP methods, we are able to quantify up to 12 carboxylic acids, the most rele...

In this paper we study the rate of convergence to complex balanced equilibrium for some chemical reaction-diffusion systems with boundary equilibria. We first analyze a three-species system equilibria in stoichiometric classes, and whose right hand side is bounded above by quadratic nonlinearity positive orthant. prove similar results on fairly general two-species r...

Successful learning of many aspects in physiology depends on a meaningful understanding of fundamental chemistry concepts. Two conceptual diagnostic questions measured student understanding of the chemical equilibrium underlying calcium and phosphate homeostasis. One question assessed the ability to predict the change in phosphate concentration when calcium ions were added to a saturated calciu...