This is an invited commentary on “Risk Transmission Across Supply Chains” by Sheridan Titman.

One of the main issues in the Islamic knowledge is the divine revelation made to the Prophet (s). Of particular interest in this regard is the revelation of the Qur’ān to the Prophet (s) and its manner. This is one of the disputed discussions among the exegetes and the scholars of the qur’ānic sciences. The source of this discussion is comprised of numerous narrations that are found in the narr...

T his study investigates the effects of extra-ECOWAS merchandise trade and investment flows on the transmission of business cycles in the selected ECOWAS between 1985 and 2014.  The study finds that total trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) significantly influence the transmission of business cycles with elasticities of 1.1 and 0.7, respectively in the long run. There are little vari...

an ideal orthodontic force system should exert continuous light force. thus, many efforts have been made to improve the memory characteristics of elastomeric chains. the aim of this study was to compare elastomeric chains (ecs) claimed by their manufacturers to offer high memory with traditional ones according to their force-extension diagrams.in this in-vitro study, ecs were divided into six g...