The dorsoventral regulatory gene pathway (spätzle/Toll/cactus) controls the expression of several antimicrobial genes during the immune response of Drosophila. This regulatory cascade shows striking similarities with the cytokine-induced activation cascade of NF-kappaB during the inflammatory response in mammals. Here, we have studied the regulation of the IkappaB homologue Cactus in the fat bo...

This paper focuses on the centdian problem in a cactus network where a cactus network is a connected undirected graph, and any two simple cycles in the graph have at most one node in common. The cactus network has important applications for wireless sensor networks when a tree topology might not be applicable and for extensions to the ring architecture. The centdian criterion represents a conve...

The seemingly disparate notions of chiral color and quark-lepton nonuniversality are combined, and shown to be essential to each other as part of an underlying (and unifying) larger symmetry, i.e. supersymmetric SU(3). Both phenomena are accessible experimentally at the TeV energy scale. In the Standard Model of quarks and leptons, the electric charge has two components, i.e. Q = I3L + 1 2 Y, (...

We consider the problem of unfolding lattice trees and polygons in hexagonal or triangular lattice in two dimensions. We show that a hexagonal/triangular lattice chain (resp. tree) can be straightened in O(n) (resp. O(n)) moves and time, and a hexagonal/triangular lattice polygon can be convexified in O(n) moves and time. We hope that the techniques we used shed some light on solving the more g...

Regulated proteolysis of Cactus, the cytoplasmic inhibitor of the Rel-related transcription factor Dorsal, is an essential step in patterning of the Drosophila embryo. Signal-induced Cactus degradation frees Dorsal for nuclear translocation on the ventral and lateral sides of the embryo, establishing zones of gene expression along the dorsoventral axis. Cactus stability is regulated by amino-te...

Dorsoventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo is established by a signaling pathway active on the ventral and ventrolateral surfaces of the embryo. Signal transduction via the protein kinase Pelle frees the Rel-related protein Dorsal from its cytoplasmic inhibitor Cactus, allowing Dorsal to translocate into ventral and ventrolateral nuclei and direct gene expression. Here, we show by immunoche...

Several attempted syntheses of Ti-TMS1, a hexagonal mesoporous TiO2 reported by Antonelli and Ying,1 have resulted in a lamellar structure as determined by twodimensional powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Conventional one-dimensional powder X-ray diffraction patterns of the lamellar materials are similar to those reported for Ti-TMS1.1 Regions, of similar size...

Cactus, a Drosophila homologue of I kappa B, binds to and inhibits Dorsal, a homologue of the p50 and p65 components of NF-kappa B. We describe experiments in yeast with various Dorsal and Cactus derivatives showing that Cactus blocks the DNA binding and nuclear localization functions of Dorsal. In contrast, Dorsal's transcriptional activating region is functional in the Dorsal-Cactus complex. ...

Dorsoventral axis formation in the Drosophila embryo is established by a signal transduction pathway that comprises the products of at least 12 maternal genes. Two of these genes, dorsal and cactus, show homology to the mammalian transcription factor NF-kappa B and its inhibitor I kappa B, respectively. As in the case for I kappa B and NF-kappa B, Cactus inhibits Dorsal by retaining it in the c...