background and aims: citrus exocortis disease is naturally limited to citrus plants and causes a serious disease on sensitive rootstocks such as trifoliate orange. the aim of this study was to sample new variants of citrus exocortis viroid from fars trees with yellowing and suberization symptoms and comparison with other isolates of this viroid. materials and methods: a number of symptomatic or...

BACKGROUND Many studies have focused on risk factors for renal insufficiency in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). We recently found metabolic factors, especially uric acid, to predict progression and marked histopathological lesions in IgAN. Since vascular diseases (VDs), in addition to renal insufficiency, affect the overall survival of IgAN patients, we studied the occurrence of and risk factors underl...

abstract introduction: cardiovascular diseases (cvd) and cerebrovascular diseases (cevd) are a large and growing problem in low- and middle-income populations. secondary prevention, which can reduce the risk of recurrent cvd includes changes in lifestyle, pharmacological interventions and revascularization procedures. the aim of the first phase of this project was to perform situation analysis ...

With the increasing tendency of natural hazards, the typhoon/hurricane/tropical cyclone induced surge, wave, precipitation and river flood as extreme external loads not only menace Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) in coastal areas, but also some inland territorial NPP. For all of planned, designed and constructed NPP the National Nuclear Safety Administration of China and International Atomic Energy ...

The Brunnstrom recovery stage (BRS) assessment is a frequently used clinical instrument, but does not allow temporal or spatial analysis owing to its use of binary assessments. We developed kinematic system (Fahrenheit) that employs three-dimensional motor using the Leap Motion Controller as an infrared camera assess hand function in patients post- cerebrovascular disease (CeVD)/stroke, accordi...

OBJECTIVES To describe the risk-factor profile and cardiovascular comorbidity of asymptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). DESIGN A cross-sectional survey. Asymptomatic PAOD was defined as an ankle-brachial pressure index < 0.95, measured on two consecutive occasions, without intermittent claudication. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate independent ass...

The Sudanese citrus industry is mainly based on oldline cultivars of grapefruit, sweet orange and willow leaf mandarin, grafted almost exclusively on sour orange. Infection with graft-transmissible agents, viroids in particular, may have deleterious effects on the productivity of these citrus species and, more importantly, limits the choice of rootstocks should sour orange be replaced by altern...

An effi cient method for RNA extraction that leads to RNA high yield and purity is a technical issue relevant for development and optimization of molecular diagnostic methods aimed to detect viroid infections in citrus varieties. Residual contaminants may affect RNA detection depending on the molecular diagnosis approaches. This condition can be evaluated through RNA absorption spectrum analysi...

Due to their small size, locating pathogenic RNAs, such as viroids, in plant tissue and cell organelles has been difficult. Viroids are circular single-stranded RNA virus-like pathogens that reduce growth, vigor, yield economically important crops potato, tomato, hops citrus. Viroid infections plants largely diagnosed by dot blot hybridization, PAGE-gels, or RT-PCR. Because traditional situ hyb...