The reduction of membrane potential in frog sartor/us muscle produced by rubidium and cesium ions has been studied over a wide concentration range and compared with depolarization occasioned by potassium ions. The constant field theory of passive flux has been used to predict the potential changes observed. The potential data suggest certain permeability coe~eient ratios and these are compared ...

1. The non-radioactive cesium ion can replace the potassium ion almost quantitatively in solutions required for the development of the egg of the sea urchin into swimming blastulae. 2. Thorium chloride and uranium acetate cannot replace the potassium chloride in the solutions required for the development of the egg. 3. Thorium chloride and uranium acetate do not antagonize the action of the pot...

Compounds of the type Cs9MO4 (M = In, Fe, Sc..) [1] are excellent electric conductors, their resistivity approaching that of metallic cesium. The complex oxoindate Cs9InO4 can be described in terms of an ion/electron counting scheme (Cs)9[(In)(O)4]+4e. The surplus of electrons is associated with the cesium atoms, so the structure can be divided into an ionic part with localized electrons in the...

The hydration of the alkali metal ions in aqueous solution has been studied by large angle X-ray scattering (LAXS) and double difference infrared spectroscopy (DDIR). The structures of the dimethyl sulfoxide solvated alkali metal ions in solution have been determined to support the studies in aqueous solution. The results of the LAXS and DDIR measurements show that the sodium, potassium, rubidi...

The reduction of membrane potential in frog sartorius muscle produced by rubidium and cesium ions has been studied over a wide concentration range and compared with depolarization occasioned by potassium ions. The constant field theory of passive flux has been used to predict the potential changes observed. The potential data suggest certain permeability coefficient ratios and these are compare...

A multicusp ion source with modular design was developed at LBNL for production of H− ions. The source consists of a front plate, two multicusp front chambers, a quartz flange with external 3-loop RF antenna and a rear multicusp chamber. The source has LaB6 sputtering target at the rear chamber to lower the work function of the surfaces by coating them with LaB6 and an external cesium oven on t...

The ion source for the 1 MW Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is required to provide 35 mA of H beam current at 6% duty factor (1 ms pulses at 60 Hz) with a normalized rms emittance less than 0.15 π mm mrad. The H beam will be accelerated to 65 keV and matched into a 2.5 MeV RFQ. The ion source is expected to ultimately produce 70 mA of H at 6% duty factor when the SNS is upgraded to 2 MW of powe...

This paper reports recent R&D results on negative ion-based NBI for JT-60SA where 10 MW neutral beam is designed to inject for 100 seconds. There are major two issues such as improvement of voltage holding capability and reduction of the grid power loading of the JT-60U negative ion source with three acceleration stages. To improve the voltage holding capability, the breakdown location with the...