It is now over 20 years since Professor Brotzu recovered the mould Cephalosporium acremonium from Sardinian sewage and found that it produced antibiotic material. Figure 1 represents a simplified cephalosporin family tree. The first antibiotic to be isolated from the mould was cephalosporin N, an acyl derivative of 6-aminopenicillanic acid, susceptible to the action of stapylococcal penicillina...

The use of cephalosporin antibiotics in veterinary practice is likely to play an important role in the development of β-lactam-resistant bacteria. To detect off-label cephalosporin antibiotic usage, an analytical method is needed that, besides the native compound, also detects their active metabolites. In this paper, the applicability of three approaches for the quantitative analysis of ceftiof...

Objective and rationale: Information on the utilization of cephalosporins is lacking in hospitals in western Nepal. The present study was carried out to obtain information on the demographic characteristics, cephalosporin prescribing patterns, sensitivity patterns of commonly isolated microorganisms, mean ± SD cost of drugs per patient and the cephalosporin utilization in defined daily dose (DD...

In a matched case-control study, we studied the effect of prior receipt of fluoroquinolones on isolation of three third-generation cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative nosocomial pathogens. Two hundred eighty-two cases with a third-generation cephalosporin-resistant pathogen (203 with Enterobacter spp., 50 with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 29 with Klebsiella pneumoniae) were matched on length o...

There is no reliable test to diagnose cephalosporin-induced maculopapular exanthems (MPE). This study aimed to evaluate the role of enzyme-linked immunospot assay in the diagnosis of cephalosporin-induced MPE compared with skin testing. A total of 25 patients with a history of cephalosporin-induced MPE were skin tested and the frequencies of cephalosporin-specific interferon-γ-, interleukin-5-,...

OBJECTIVES Knowledge about the regulatory mechanisms of CTX-M β-lactamase-encoding genes in Escherichia coli is limited. The objectives of this study were to determine the growth response of CTX-M-1-producing E. coli exposed to cefotaxime and to investigate how blaCTX-M-1 expression at mRNA and protein levels is influenced by cefotaxime concentration, growth phase and gene location (chromosome ...

CONTEXT Resistance to most or all cephalosporin antibiotics in Klebsiella species has developed in many European and North American hospitals during the past 2 decades. OBJECTIVE To determine if restriction of use of the cephalosporin class of antibiotics would reduce the incidence of patient infection or colonization by cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella. DESIGN A before-after comparative ...

The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in Europe has increased markedly since 2000. Previous meta-analyses have suggested a strong association between cephalosporin use and CDI, and many national programmes on CDI control have focused on reducing cephalosporin usage. Despite reductions in cephalosporin use, however, rates of CDI have continued to rise. This review examines the p...

After the growth of Paecilomyces persicinus P-10 in a glucose-peptone medium, filtrates were collected and analyzed for antibiotic antivity. Activities against Salmonella gallinarum ATCC 3030 and Alcaligenes faecalis ATCC 8750 (penicillin N-resistant strain) were obtained. Part of the former activity was readily inactivated by penicillinase. The fraction active against A. faecalis was isolated ...

Cephalosporin C, a hydrophilic, penicillin-like antibiotic which is insensitive to penicillinase, is much less active than benzylpenicillin against the Oxford strain of Staphylococcus aureus but much more active than benzylpenicillin against a penicillinase-producing strain of S. aureus (D3R). When used together, cephalosporin C and benzylpenicillin act synergistically against S . aureus strain...