introduction: cerebral vein thrombosis is a rare complication of nephrotic syndrome (ns).we report a known case of ns with hemorrhagic thrombosis. case report: a boy with previous history of ns was admitted with headache and decrease of level of consciousness and his brain images were revealed hemorrhagic thrombosis conclusions: cerebral vein thrombosis must be considered in patients with histo...

enhanced immune cell trafficking into the central nervous system (cns) and disruption of the blood brain barrier are pathophysiological hallmarks of neuroinflammatory disorders like multiple sclerosis (ms) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae). however, recent studies suggest that the coagulation and the contact-kinin system might also be involved in ms developme...

objective primary central nervous system lymphoma (pcnsl) is an extremely rare condition in childhood. we report the first case of pcnsl in a child in iran. clinical presentation a nine-year-old boy was referred to mofid hospital with the history of headache of four months and seizure of 2 months duration. magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a hyper-intense lesion in left fronto-pa...

one of the most important problems in neuroscience researches is the understanding what is the communication between the immune system and central nervous system. proinflammatory factors play an important role in this communication. the dysregulation of proinflammatory factors such as cytokines and chemokines is a central feature in the development of neuroinflammation.one of the important  cyt...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (cns) characterized by inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. one of its pathophysiological hallmarks is demyelination, a consequence of oligodendroglial cell death leading supply shortfall and missing electrical insulation to axons. demyelination induced consequences on neuronal network activity and subsequen...

neurotrauma is one of the main medical problems that affect considerable number of population especially young persons in all countries. neurotrauma not only is a serious threat for life but also creates various disabilities and consequently imposes large costs to society. following central nervous system (cns) injury, tissue damage occurs via primary and secondary mechanisms. despite many atte...

context patients with hepatic dysfunction suffer from many problems and associated complications in organs other than the liver. therefore, it is very important to investigate the effects of different drugs in the treatment of these patients. due to the high consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids), studying the effects of these drugs in patients with hepatic dysfunction is...

besides being a metabolite of nucleotides like atp, adenosine is a mediator of neuronal function in the central nervous system. its actions are mediated by at least three extracellular receptors. in this review different aspects of adenosine such as biosynthesis, release, inactivation and its receptors are discussed. it also covers pre- and postsynaptic effects as well as postreceptor mechanism...