This study compared two new formulations of creosote and one pigment-emulsified creosote (PEC) with a formulation of creosote that met requirements of the AWPA standard P1/P13 for creosote. Two softwood and two hardwood species were treated to four retention levels with each formulation. The four creosote formulations were evaluated by (1) soil-block test, (2) fungal cellar test, and (3) field ...

A marked genetic differentiation to the presence of alcohol in the environment has been shown to occur between inside cellar and adjacent outside sections of a vineyard population of D. melanogaster (McKenzie and Parsons 1974). Estimates of migration during the vintage period suggest considerable movement occurs from outside into the cellar and that the most tolerant genotypes are the most succ...

Purpose: Double-deck trailers could be a key contributor towards the UK’s commitment to reducing CO2 emissions towards 2020. A double-deck trailer greatly increases carrying capacity with current vehicle size and weight limits. Double-deck trailers are particularly well suited to retail distribution. This paper introduces a model that calculates the financial and environmental impact of deployi...

in this paper, evaluation of torsional stiffness in beam and slab bridge deck elements is presented. a beam and slab bridge decks structurally behave as a grillage. a grillage has an efficient transverse load distribution due to transverse asymmetric load. in the case of bridge deck without transverse beams in the span, transverse load distribution depends on the torsional stiffness of longitud...

Method: Groups of pigs were housed under conditions simulating current swine production systems. Five trials were conducted, each using 13 3to 5-week-old pigs, housed in nursery decks fitted with raised wire-mesh flooring. Three decks were placed parallel to one another in an isolation room. The decks were placed 46 cm (18 inches) apart for the first three trials and 102 cm (40 inches) apart fo...

The older a bottle of Chinese vintage liquor is, the higher the price it commands. Driven by the potential for higher profits, some newly-founded distilleries openly sell liquor whose storage ages are exaggerated. In China, the market for vintage liquor has become fraught with uncertainty and a pressing need has arisen to establish an effective method to authenticate the age of vintage liquors....

This paper presents a multidisciplinary methodology to evaluate an underground wine cellar structure using non-invasive techniques. In particular, a historical subterranean wine cellar that presents a complex structure and whose physical properties are unknown is recorded and analyzed using geomatics and geophysics synergies. To this end, an approach that integrates terrestrial laser scanning a...

The purpose of this research to present for the first time a practical plan to cost optimize the composite metal floor deck, so that the designer, by having the dimensions of the main beam framing, will be able to come to the most design including: the section of composite steel beam, the beam span, the thickness of metal deck sheets and the thickness of the concrete slab. The main method of op...