Infectious diseases have become part of human civilization as a constant phenomenon throughout time. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is virus that can cause immune system weakness by attacking cells CD4 receptors and CCR5 or CXCR4 chemokine coreceptors, namely helper T macrophages dendritic cells. Therefore, people infected with this will be vulnerable to opportunistic infections cancer....

objective(s):brucellosis is a well-known domestic animal infectious disease, which is caused by brucella bacterium. groel antigen increases brucella survival and is one of the major antigens that stimulates the immune system. hence, the objective of the present study was cloning and bioinformatics analysis of groel gene. materials and methods: the full-length open reading frame of this gene was...

brucellosis is a well-known infection in domestic animals which caused by brucella bacterium. due toserious economic and medical consequences of this disease, various efforts have been made to prevent theinfection through the use of recombinant vaccines based on brucella outer membrane protein (omp)antigens. the objectives of the present study were cloning, sequencing and epitope prediction of ...

Background:  Cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) molecules are expressed on T-cells and inhibit their function by inhibiting activation of subsequent T-cell molecular pathways. Blocking of CTLA-4 inhibits the growth of malignant tumor cells. Anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies activate the immune system against cancer. Due to several advantages of single-chain antibodi...

Background and Aim: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a health problem in countries. Despite the global prevalence of tuberculosis and the lack of appropriate drugs, further progress is still needed with the help of modern methods of preparing epitope-based vaccines for tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: In this study, specific T and B cell epitopes required for producing chimeric vaccines with ...

background: there are two subclasses of human iga (iga1 and iga2) that differ in antigenic properties and in chemical composition. the constant domains of α1 and α2 heavy chains have >95% sequence homology though major structural differences exist in the hinge region. quantitation of iga subclass levels depends on the availability of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for conserved conformat...

B-cell epitope is a group of residues which is on the surface of an antigen. It invokes humoral responses. Locating B-cell epitope is important for effective vaccine design, and the development of diagnostic reagents. Mimotope-based B-cell epitope prediction method is a kind of conformational B-cell epitope prediction, and the core idea of the method is mapping the mimotope sequences which are ...

conclusions data from this study about scla were not sufficient and further studies are needed; however, the information here suggests that scla could be a candidate for further research on the design of drugs and vaccines against s. pyogenes infections. results the scla protein is present on the cell surface of the cell and has interact with a common ligand by its hypervariable nh2-terminal re...

Contagious human coronavirus belong to family Coronaviridae and infects respiratory system causing the disease known as COVID-19 (WHO). To eradicate severe acute syndrome 2 pandemic, an effective vaccine should be developed. In current study immunoinformatics procedures were employed introduce a novel multi-epitope subunit vaccine. This can activate equally class I II leukocyte antigen antibody...