Normalization means to adjust microarray data for effects which arise from variation in the technology rather than from biological differences between the RNA samples or between the printed probes. This paper describes normalization methods based on the fact that dye balance typically varies with spot intensity and with spatial position on the array. Print-tip loess normalization provides a wel...

In microarray experiments, there are a variety of systematic errors to affect the measured gene expression levels. Although a number of algorithms were proposed for the normalization of different type of cDNA microarray data, they have encountered many difficulties due to the complex nonlinear sources of systematic error. In this case, a nonlinear normalization method is of great potential to d...

This paper presents a new cDNA microarray image segmentation framework. The framework uses robust vector median filtering to generate a root sigLnal which is an image obtained from the input by repeatedly filtering it until no more changes occur. During the convergence to the root signal, the framework classifies the cDNA image data as either microarray spots or image background, and ideally se...

Microarrays are part of a new class of biotechnologies that allow the monitoring of expression levels for thousands of genes simultaneously. Image analysis is an important aspect of microarray experiments, one that can have a potentially large impact on subsequent analyses, such as clustering or the identification of differentially expressed genes. This paper reviews a number of existing image ...

We discuss our concerns regarding the reliability of data generated by spotted cDNA microarrays. Two types of error we highlight are cross-hybridization artifact due to sequence homologies and sequence errors in the cDNA used for spotting on microarrays. We feel that statisticians who analyze microarray data should be aware of these sources of unreliability intrinsic to cDNA microarray design a...

The global gene expression profiles of the decidua and chorionic villi of early human pregnancies were analysed by using cDNA microarray technology. Decidual and villous placental tissues were obtained from first trimester abortus and mRNA was extracted for cDNA microarray analysis. The human cDNA microarray [9600 clones, including known regulatory genes and expressed sequence tags (EST)] with ...

In recent years, the DNA microarray has become one of the most powerful tools for toxicogenomic studies. However, microarray technology is still in its early stages, and standardized analytical methods of cDNA microarray analysis have not been clearly established. These differences in methodology can result in data variability in gene expression profiling. Although many analytical methods have ...

Although novel technologies are rapidly emerging, the cDNA microarray data accumulated is still and will be an important source for bioinformatics and biological studies. Thus, the reliability and applicability of the cDNA microarray data warrants further evaluation. In cDNA microarrays, multiple clones are measured for a transcript, which can be exploited to evaluate the consistency of microar...