BACKGROUND The observation of ultrasound generated cavitation bubbles deep in tissue is very difficult. The development of an imaging method capable of investigating cavitation bubbles in tissue would improve the efficiency and application of ultrasound in the clinic. Among the previous imaging modalities capable of detecting cavitation bubbles in vivo, the acoustic detection technique has the ...

Cavitation decreases the hydraulic conductance of the xylem and has, therefore, detrimental effects on plant water balance. However, cavitation is also hypothesized to relieve water stress temporarily by releasing water from embolizing conduits to the transpiration stream. Stomatal closure in response to decreasing water potentials in order to avoid excessive cavitation has been well documented...

OBJECTIVE Pulmonary cavitation is the classic hallmark of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and is the site of very high mycobacterial burden associated with antimycobacterial drug resistance and treatment failure. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between re-treatment PTB and initial pulmonary cavitation coordinated with other clinical factors. METHODS We conducted a...

Image-guided monitoring of microbubble-based focused ultrasound (FUS) therapies relies on the accurate localization of FUS-stimulated microbubble activity (i.e. acoustic cavitation). Passive cavitation imaging with ultrasound arrays can achieve this, but with insufficient spatial resolution. In this study, we address this limitation and perform high-resolution monitoring of acoustic cavitation-...

Background and Aims: Production of acoustic cavitation by sonication has been recently recommended as a targeted treatment. The experimental results from studies indicate that the activity of cavitation generated by bi- or multi-frequency ultrasound irradiation is higher than that caused by single frequency irradiation. In this study, effects dual (1 MHz and 40 kHz) and single frequency soni...

investigating nozzle’s orifice flow is challenging both experimentally and theoretically. this paper focuses on simulating flow inside diesel injector nozzle via ansys fluent v15. validation is performed with experimental results from winkhofler et al (2001). several important parameters such as mass flow rate, velocity profiles and pressure profiles are used for this validation. results includ...

The objective of the present chapter is to provide the basic concepts and tools required to understand the inception and development of cavitation in liquid flows. The influence of various parameters as the boundary layer and nuclei content is discussed. A special attention is given to thermal effects which may significantly influence the development of cavitation in thermosensitive fluids as c...

"> In this research an extensive literature search into the mechanism of cavitation dynamics and its consequences was conducted. A cavitation venturie rig was designed <span style="font-size: 10pt; col...

The structure and evolution of cavitation in a transparent scaled-up diesel nozzle having a hole inclined at 90, 85, 80 and 0 degree to the nozzle axis has been investigated using high-speed motion pictures, flash photography and stroboscopic visualization. Observations revealed that at the inception stage, cavitation bubbles were not seen at the same locations in all the four nozzles. Cavitati...

Cavitation damage in flexure bars crept at 1170°C was studied by a density measurement technique. The cavity density within the flexure beams could be approximated by a linear function of position from the tensile surface. A threshold stress for cavitation damage is suggested from the results of this study. Below the threshold tensile stress, cavitation ceases, whereas above the threshold, cavi...