An electrochemical cell based on the reversible oxygen reduction reaction: 2Li+ + 2e - + O2↔ Li2O2, provides among the most energy dense platforms for portable electrical energy storage. Such Lithium-Oxygen (Li-O2) cells offer specific energies competitive with fossil fuels and are considered promising for electrified transportation. Multiple, fundamental challenges with the cathode, anode, and...

gd2o3 nanoparticles were prepared by a two–step process; cathodic electrodeposition followed by heat-treatment method. first, gd(oh)3 nanoparticles was galvanostatically deposited from nitrate bath on the steel substrate by pulse current (pc) mode. the deposition experiments was conducted at a typical on-time and off-time (ton=1ms and toff=1ms) for 60 min. the electrodeposited precursor was the...

Small disturbances at an interface can lead to well-defined patterns in many systems. However, nonlinear interactions obscure the dominant wavelength instability pattern of diffusion-limited systems, which has limited study these The design a microfluidic cell that mitigates effects is presented, enabling enhanced diffusional and quasi-1D electrodeposition on cathode. These cells, operating sma...

Reversible electrochemical mirror (REM) electrochromic devices based on reversible metal electrodeposition are exciting alternatives compared with conventional because they offer tunability in multiple optical states, long durability, and high contrast. Different from materials, of which the color change depends intercalation/deintercalation ions into films, states REMs is dissolution metal. In...

Gd2O3 nanoparticles were prepared by a two–step process; cathodic electrodeposition followed by heat-treatment method. First, Gd(OH)3 nanoparticles was galvanostatically deposited from nitrate bath on the steel substrate by pulse current (PC) mode. The deposition experiments was conducted at a typical on-time and off-time (ton=1ms and toff=1ms) for 60 min. The electrodeposited precursor was the...

The electrodes were fabricated in double-titanium cyclic voltametric electrodeposition system, corresponding to the anode and cathode of system. For further study practicality this mode, performance resulting was investigated. Through a series physical electrochemical characterization, it is concluded that IrOx electrode system has flat uniform deposit layer, shows better electrolytic durabilit...

In this paper we consider an analytical and numerical study of a reaction-diffusion system for describing the formation of transition front waves in some electrodeposition (ECD) experiments. Towards this aim, a model accounting for the coupling between morphology and composition of one chemical species adsorbed at the surface of the growing cathode is addressed. Through a phase-space analysis w...

Lithium metal has gravimetric capacity ∼10× that of graphite which incentivizes rechargeable Li metal batteries (RLMB) development. A key factor that limits practical use of RLMB is morphological instability of Li metal anode upon electrodeposition, reflected by the uncontrolled area growth of solid-electrolyte interphase that traps cyclable Li, quantified by the Coulombic inefficiency (CI). He...

A rational understanding of what occurs during electrocrystallization, defined at a nanolevel, is developed to control electrodeposition processes. The electrokinetic behavior of the elements in solutions and the electrodeposits structure resulting from the electron exchange reaction at the cathodic surface are taken into consideration and compared. Transient electrokinetic parameters are measu...