Participants often categorize musical melodies (“themes”) based on perceptual features (e.g. loudness, fastness) instead of structural or relational features (e.g. pitch, rhythm) (Lamont & Dibben, 2001; Ziv & Eitan, 2007). In the present study, we investigate whether within-category analogical comparison (Markman & Gentner, 1993) influences participants to categorize musical themes based on rel...