The neighborhood has had a long history in Iranian urbanization. Since urban plans wereintroduced by the authorities to shape urban development in Iran half a century ago, the concept of Iranian traditional neighborhood has been neglected gradually. The concept of neighborhood has not found the appropriate status in urban design and planning yet. One of the main reasons is that academics, profe...

1.1 Condition: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). A diagnosis of CDI implies: a) laboratory detection of C. difficile toxins and/or toxigenic C. difficile in faeces, rectal swab or bowel contents PLUS b) relevant clinical manifestations: diarrhoea (usually defined as 3 or more loose stools in a 24 hour period) or, less commonly, ileus, toxic megacolon or pseudomembranous colitis (identified...

Background and epidemiology: The identification of the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has led to the development of serologic and virologic tests for the disease. As of Apr. 30, 2003, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has revised their surveillance case definitions for SARS to include laboratory criteria for evidence of infection (see Box [on next page] and Figure).

Although Lyme disease is the most common tickborne illness in the USA and Eurasia, the pathophysiology and clinical course of chronic Lyme disease (CLD) have not been formally defined. The purpose of this paper is to present a working case definition of CLD based on analysis of more than 700 peerreviewed publications. According to this definition, CLD is a multisystem illness with diverse muscu...

An accurate system of identifying and classifying suspected measles cases is critical for the measles surveillance system in the United States. To examine the performance of the clinical case definition in predicting laboratory confirmation of suspected cases of measles, we reviewed 4 studies conducted between 1981 and 1994. A clinical case definition was examined that included a generalized ma...

The burgeoning field of case management for long-term psychiatric patients has been handicapped by a lack of conceptual models that delineate the diverse activities of case managers. Based on the actual practice of case management, the author outlines a model of clinical case management that moves beyond the view of the case manager as a systems coordinator, service broker, or supportive compan...

Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is an economically significant condition caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. However, difficulties in diagnosis and classification of individual animals with the condition have hampered research and impeded efforts to halt its progressive spread in the global livestock industry. Descriptive terms applied to individual animals and herds such ...

The chronic Epstein-Barr virus syndrome is a poorly defined symptom complex characterized primarily by chronic or recurrent debilitating fatigue and various combinations of other symptoms, including sore throat, lymph node pain and tenderness, headache, myalgia, and arthralgias. Although the syndrome has received recent attention, and has been diagnosed in many patients, the chronic Epstein-Bar...

A low incidence of coronary stent infections has been described in literature, although severe complications such as purulent pericarditis and endarteritis, have been reported. Currently, infection definition criteria or protocolized clinical strategies do not exist. Therefore, we report a case of coronary stent infection associated with pericarditis and we review similar cases in the literatur...