Fighter agility metrics determined from measured or calculated data can be sensitive to the coordinate system used. Although simple and intuitive, agility metrics expressed in Cartesian coordinates are not always robust to variations in initial conditions and uncertainties in physical characteristics. This paper seeks to establish the relationship between form of agility equations and the measu...

The non-orthogonal boundary-fitted coordinate transformation method is applied to the solution of steady three-dimensional momentum and energy equations in laminar flow to obtain temperature field and Nusselt numbers in the thermal entry region of straight ducts of different cross sectional geometries. The conservation equations originally written in Cartesian coordinates are parabolized in the...

A 2D analytical method for magnetic vector potential calculation in inner rotor surface mounted and surface inset permanent magnet machines considering slotting effects, magnetization orientation and winding layout has been proposed in this paper. The analytical method is based on the resolution of Laplace and Poisson equations as well as Maxwell equation in quasi- Cartesian coordinate by using...

In this paper we present a system to recognize the hand motion of Taiwanese Sign Language (TSL) using the Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) through a vision-based interface. Our hand motion recognition system consists of four phases: construction of color model, hand tracking, trajectory representation, and recognition. Our hand tracking can accurately track the hand positions. Since our system is re...

Abstract In 2015, the International Association of Geodesy defined Height Reference System (IHRS) as conventional gravity field-related global height system. The IHRS is a geopotential reference system co-rotating with Earth. Coordinates points or objects close to on Earth’s surface are given by numbers C ( P ) referring an equipotential value W 0 = 62,636,853.4 m 2 s −2 , and geocentric Cartes...

Under the classical non-relativistic consideration of the space-time we propose the model of the laws of gravity and Electrodynamics, invariant under the galilean transformations and moreover, under every change of non-inertial cartesian coordinate system. Being in the frames of non-relativistic model of the space-time, we adopt some general ideas of the General Theory of Relativity, like the a...

Spherical coordinates are a natural orthogonal system to describe wavefronts emanating from a point source. While a regular grid distribution in the Cartesian coordinate system tends to undersample the wavefront description near the source (the highest wavefront curvature) and oversample it away from the source, spherical coordinates, in general, provide a more balanced grid distribution to cha...

Image translation, size scaling and rotation can be analyzed from a unified standpoint. Let for and denote a discrete destination image that is created by geometrical modification of a discrete source image for and . In this derivation, the source and destination images may be different in size. Geometrical image transformations are usually based on a Cartesian coordinate system representation ...

Typically machine vision systems estimate ranges using stereoscopic vision systems or specialized range detectors. Although these methods are effective, they are expensive. In this paper, a single camera range estimation algorithm is developed for a low-cost machine vision system that uses off-the-shelf components. This algorithm uses the perspective transformation and a priori knowledge of sce...