RNA silencing in plants likely exists as a defense mechanism against molecular parasites such as RNA viruses, retrotransposons, and transgenes. As a result, many plant viruses have adapted mechanisms to evade and suppress gene silencing. Tombusviruses express a 19 kDa protein (p19), which has been shown to suppress RNA silencing in vivo and bind silencing-generated and synthetic small interferi...

The carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) is one of the top-selling commercial cut-flower crops worldwide, which is very susceptible to infections. Micro propagation is an advanced biotechnological system for producing free of pathogen colonies. Too many factors may limit micro propagation of plants, which the most important of them is contamination (e.g., fungal, bacterial and viral infections). T...

Carnation is one of the most crucial cut flowers in Turkey. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) cause significant damage on carnation production and quality. Therefore, determination response varieties to RKNs required for management practices. In this study, four cultivars, Turbo, Betsy, Nirvana Glaciar, were inoculated with second stage juveniles (J2s) Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica arenaria under...

In carnation, vase life is shortened due to ethylene and water stress, resulting in petal curling, browning, wilting symptoms. Preservative solutions are used prolong the of cut flowers world, natural substances with antimicrobial properties have been preferred as preservatives recent years. It thought that benefiting from plant wastes will be beneficial for both flower industry waste managemen...

Seven populations of Heterodera trifolii from Arkansas, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and Australia plus 3 or 4 single-cyst isolates (SCI) from each population were tested for reproduction on seven species of plants to compare the host preferences among and within populations. Common lespedeza, Kummerowia striata cv. Kobe, was a good host for all populations and isolates. Therefore, a plant was consi...

The fungicidal effect of some essential oils against Alternaria solani one of the species that cause early blight of potato was evaluated under in vitro and field conditions. Effect of carnation, caraway, thyme oils and the chemical fungicide Ridomil MZ 72 at various concentrations on mycelial growth of A. solani was tested. Carnation oil had the strongest and most extensive inhibitory effect o...

Using a combination of approaches, three EIN3-like (EIL) genes DC-EIL1/2 (AY728191), DC-EIL3 (AY728192), and DC-EIL4 (AY728193) were isolated from carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) petals. DC-EIL1/2 deduced amino acid sequence shares 98% identity with the previously cloned and characterized carnation DC-EIL1 (AF261654), 62% identity with DC-EIL3, and 60% identity with DC-EIL4. DC-EIL3 deduced a...