safflower as an original crop in iran has high adaptability to different environmental conditions. iran is one of the original areas of safflower as a drought and salinity tolerant crop. therefor, safflower can be a suitable alternative crop for cultivation in marginal areas. the aims of research were studying the late season drought effects on seed and oil yields and its components of fall saf...

Effective insect pollination requires appropriate responses to internal and external environmental cues in both the plant pollinator. Helianthus annuus, a highly outcrossing species, is marked for its uniform eastward orientation of mature pseudanthia, or capitula. Here we investigate how this affects floral microclimate consequent effects on pollinator interactions reproductive fitness. We art...

The cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum) is a new and promising bioenergy crop in Central Europe. Native to North America, its cultivation Europe has increased recent years. Cup said be highly productive, reproductive, strongly competitive, which could encourage invasiveness. Spontaneous spread already been documented. Knowledge about habitat requirements low but necessary, order predict sites wher...

Silymarin, a secondary metabolite found mainly in the Silybum marianum L. fruits, has been associated with hepatoprotective activity of plant. Among various elicitors, salicylic acid, “Generally Regarded As Safe” compound recognized by Food and Drug Administration, is one those being used induction enhancement valuable plant production species. In this study, two concentrations (10−4 10−3 molar...

Milk thistle is an important medicinal crop. In this two-year field study, the optimal form [bulk (non-structured), nanoparticles (NPs)] and concentration (0, 50, 100 mg L?1) of chitosan titanium dioxide (TiO2) applications for improving seed yield, as well mineral (N, Mg, Fe, Ti), protein, oil contents were investigated in five ecotypes. Leaf gas exchange, ratio variable to maximum fluorescenc...

Foliar application or minerals is a methodology to promote growth and/or yield and protect plants against different kinds of stresses. Currently there great interest in evaluating the effect nanoparticles for enhancing these treatments. This study was performed evaluate compare foliar zinc oxide (ZnO) (ZnO-NPs) on safflower under irrigation regimes. applications ZnO all concentrations (4, 6, 8,...

Xanthium strumarium L. widely used in traditional as well as folk medicinal systems is locally known as Gokhru and in unani as Kutta Jhad. In Amravati district (Maharashtra), it was found that the whole plants as well as leaves are used by hakims as blood purifier and in scabies. Here pharmacognostic studies are made regarding whole plant and also only leaves. For standardization of drug materi...

A new species of Espeletiopsis was found in two small páramos of Norte de Santander, Colombia. The species is named Espeletiopsis diazii honoring the contributions of Santiago Díaz-Piedrahita in recognition of his vast knowledge of the Compositae in Colombia. This is a very distinctive species, markedly different from most of the Espeletiopsis present in Colombia. The new species is closely rel...

The genera Moscharia (two species) and Polyachyrus (seven species) form a monophyletic group within tribe Mutisieae, subtribe Nassauviinae, defined by the leaves with auricles at their bases, and the capitula with 1-seriate involucre. A cladistic analysis of the species of the two genera was carried out using 22 characters from life cycle, external morphology, pollen, and trichomes. Polarity of...

Several studies have evaluated the effect of population size on plant reproductive output, but there are few studies concerning the effect of other population structure variables on plant reproduction. In this study, we went beyond population size effect and we tested the effect of some population spatial variables such as plant density, plant aggregation, population structure, and population i...