Manipulative field experiments carried out on sheltered rocky shores investigated settlement and post-settlement interactions between Semibalanus balanoides and three species of fucoid canopy algae, Fucus spiralis L., Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis and Fucus serratus L. All three species had a negative effect on settlement and early recruitment of S. balanoides, densities being significantly...

Figure 1. Sketch of the canopy crane operating in a forest showing the tower (a), jib (b), counterjib and counterweight (c), the operator's cab (d), and the gondola (e) attached to the hook. The radius and height of the jib are 82 and 52 m, respectively. T he uppermost forest canopy is a frontier ofscientific research (Erwin 1983). It is the primary interface between the atmosphere and the fore...

Canopy gaps express the time-integrated effects of tree failure and mortality as well as regrowth and succession in tropical forests. Quantifying the size and spatial distribution of canopy gaps is requisite to modeling forest functional processes ranging from carbon fluxes to species interactions and biological diversity. Using high-resolution airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), we m...

We present an attempt to apply the spectral invariant approach to canopy scattering of a complex forest canopy. Spectral invariant theory describes a method of expressing photon scattering as a function of purely structural properties of the canopy, the so-called photon recollision probability, p – the probability of a scattered photon undergoing further collision rather than escaping the canop...

Seedling emergence, survival and early growth of the Mediterranean conifer P. pinaster were studied under closed canopy and open canopy (gaps) cover conditions in a Mediterranean forest of central Spain during two consecutive years (March 2008 to January 2010). Our main objective was to understand how overstorey structure, shrubs and soil properties influence recruitment in this species. Natura...

Sessile organisms interact locallyon the scaleof their body sizes, and one of the great advances in population and community ecology is the use of individual-based models to examine species interactions (Biondini 2001, Bolker & Pacala 1999, Pacala & Deutschman 1995, Pacala & Silander 1985, 1987; Silander & Pacala 1985). Canopies are often taken as a proxy for body size in the plant literature, ...

Habitat loss and chytridiomycosis (a disease caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis - Bd) are major drivers of amphibian declines worldwide. Habitat loss regulates host-pathogen interactions by altering biotic and abiotic factors directly linked to both host and pathogen fitness. Therefore, studies investigating the links between natural vegetation and chytridiomycosis requ...

Japanese black bears often break branches when climbing trees and feeding on fruit in canopies, thereby creating small canopy gaps. However, the role of black bear-created canopy gaps has not been evaluated in the context of multiple forest dynamics. Our hypothesis was that small canopy gaps created by black bears improve light conditions, which facilitates fruiting of adult fleshy-fruited plan...

Intermittent coherent structures can be responsible for a large fraction of the exchange between a forest canopy and the atmosphere. Quantifying their contribution to momentum and heat fluxes is necessary to interpret measurements of trace gases and aerosols within and above forest canopies. The primary objective of the Community Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions Experiment (CABINEX) field camp...

The hydrological recovery of watersheds from disturbances such as ®re and harvest can change the magnitude and distribution of ̄ow paths as the canopy regenerates. The spatial distribution of net water input to the soil±topography system is mediated by vegetation patterns through the processes of interception, evapotranspiration and snowmelt. We have previously described RHESSys, a distributed ...