Irrigated agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions is seriously threatened by water shortage soil salinization. The well-canal conjunctive irrigation scheme provides a stable groundwater resource for can reduce surface salt accumulation decreasing the levels, which makes it more suitable to alleviate problems of irrigated regions. However, salinization process requires assessment on regional s...

In the arid region of Rajasthan, India, it is very often a challenge to store rain/surface water for year-round use by human and livestock. The inhabitants this desert area have developed several storage structures, which they used construct based on their indigenous knowledge local terrain conditions. Recently, farmers living in lower command areas Indira Gandhi canal constructed micro-farm ca...

The rice land is linked to the climate change due to its methane emission potential. The systems of growing rice and associated soil and crop management practices that have evolved are varied and complex. However, from the methane emission point of view, water regime is a crucial parameter. According to IPCC guidelines the rice ecosystem need to be categorized into four strata for methane emiss...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of an experimental irrigation solution, containing two different concentrations of papain, Tween 80, 2% chlorhexidine and EDTA, on removal of the smear layer. METHODS AND MATERIALS Thirty-six single-rooted teeth were divided into two experimental groups (n=12) and two positive and negative control groups of six. The canals...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of semiconductor laser irradiation on root canal sealing after routine root canal therapy (RCT). METHODS Sixty freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10). The anatomic crowns were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction and the remaining roots were prepared endodontically with conventional RCT methods. Groups A a...

AIM To evaluate the efficacy of ethanolic extract of Salvadora persica (S. persica) and BioPure MTAD (a mixture of a tetracycline isomer, an acid, and a detergent) in removing the intracanal smear layer of primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS The root canal of 40 extracted human primary anterior teeth were cleaned, shaped and grouped into experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 10). The root c...