OBJECTIVES To evaluate the success of ultrasonography directed renal access in entering the target calyx from proper entry site and in the direction of renal pelvis during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). MATERIALS AND METHODS PCNL cases who were operated on by one fellow from May-June 2014 were included in this study. A vertically placed ultrasound probe on the patient flank in prone pos...

INTRODUCTION Percutaneous renal surgery has been considered one of the most important advances in urology. There are several possibilities to perform a kidney puncture such as using fluoroscopy, ultrasound or both. The aim of this article is to describe our puncture technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS Correct puncture is one of the most critical and challenging steps during percutaneous surgery. ...

Styrax japonicus is a small ornamental tree with medicinal value. An S. variety purplish red calyxes and white petals has higher The mechanism underlying calyx pigmentation in still unclear. In this study, metabolome data combined transcriptome profiling were used to explore the molecular mechanisms difference color of two varieties japonicus, namely, Red Linglong (RA; calyx) Green (GA; green c...

Axonal and nerve terminal action potentials often display a depolarizing after potential (DAP). However, the underlying mechanism that generates the DAP, and its impact on firing patterns, are poorly understood at axon terminals. Here, we find that at calyx of Held nerve terminals in the rat auditory brainstem the DAP is blocked by low doses of externally applied TTX or by the internal dialysis...

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY Some floral traits could be selected by pollinators and nonpollinator agents, and studying the floral traits shaped by physical agents could reveal adaptive mechanisms to the environment. We explored the adaptive significance of the change in floral orientation, from pendulous flowers to erect fruits that have a persistent calyx, in Anisodus luridus, a perenni...

Large excitatory synapses in the auditory system, such as the calyx of Held, faithfully transmit trains of action potentials up to a frequency of a few hundred hertz, and these synapses are thought to display a limited repertoire of synaptic plasticity. Here, we show that brief trains of 100 Hz stimulation induce posttetanic potentiation (PTP) of transmitter release at the calyx of Held. In you...

We studied the effect of calyx cape gooseberry nanoparticles manufactured by a novel technique. There are several methods, such as jet mill, spray freezing, supercritical anti-solvent technique (SAS), and high-pressure homogenization, available for production drug micro/nanoparticles to improve solubility. Anti-solvent precipitation is also used prepare micro- nanosized particles explain their ...

The calyx of Held, a large axo-somatic relay synapse containing hundreds of presynaptic active zones, is possibly the largest nerve terminal in the mammalian CNS. Studying its initial growth in-vitro might provide insights into the specification of synaptic connection size in the developing brain. However, attempts to maintain calyces of Held in organotypic cultures have not been fruitful in pa...

Hemangioma of the renal calyx is a rare disease, which is difficult to diagnose and an even greater challenge to treat. We report the use of the new-generation flexible ureteroscope, in the management of a 37-year-old Asian male with a lower pole renal calyx hemangioma, which was previously inaccessible.

Precise regulation of synaptic vesicle (SV) release at the calyx of Held is critical for auditory processing. At the prehearing calyx of Held, synchronous and asynchronous release is mediated by fast and slow releasing SVs within the readily releasable pool (RRP). However, the posthearing calyx has dramatically different release properties. Whether developmental alterations in RRP properties co...