Various two-breed cross cow groups were mated to Charolais and Limousin bulls to produce a total of574 three-breed cross calves over a two-year period. Average birth weights were 81.2 Ib and 76.2 Ib for calves produced from Charolais and Limousin sires, respectively. Calving assistance was required for 12.4 percent ofCharolais-sired calves and 4.0 percent of the Limousin-sired calves. Charolais...

Anaplasma marginale prevalence was determined in 223 sera samples in 2-year old or older cattle, from the Center-Southern Region of the Paraná State, including Ponta Grossa, Guarapuava and Laranjeiras do Sul municipalities. A survey of antibodies IgG class against Anaplasma marginale was performed through a competitive immune absorbent assay (cELISA-PR1). From the 223 sera examined, 130 (58.74%...

Faecal samples from 291 dairy calves from 10 dairy herds in Kerman were examined to investigate theprevalence of Cryptosporidium infection. Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were identified by using themodified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique in 63 (21.65%) calves. Calves were grouped according to theirage as follows:

Right heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension is a leading cause of mortality among suckling beef calves in the Rocky Mountain region. The objective of this study was to track changes in pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP) in healthy calves born and raised at altitudes ranging from 1,470 to 2,730 m. It was hypothesized that calves located at higher altitudes would show a greater increa...

iv General Preface v Acknowledgements vi List of Tables xi List of Figures xiii List of Abbreviations xiv List of Publications xv Chapter one: Introduction 1 Chapter two: Neonatal calf diarrhoea: a literature overview 4 2.1. The principles of rearing of newborn dairy calves, with particular reference to the situation in New Zealand 4 2.2. The economic impact of neonatal calf diarrhoea 8 2.3. Ae...

BACKGROUND Zinc deficiency-like (ZDL) syndrome is an inherited defect of Fleckvieh calves, with striking similarity to bovine hereditary zinc deficiency (BHZD). However, the causative mutation in a phospholipase D4 encoding gene (PLD4) shows no connection to zinc metabolism. OBJECTIVES To describe clinical signs, laboratory variables, and pathological findings of ZDL syndrome and their utilit...

Preweaning data on 486 Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal cross calves (AB, BA) managed on common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected tall fescue were used to evaluate the interactions of forage type and sex of calf with direct effects, individual heterosis, and maternal effects. Calves were spring-born in 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991 to five sires of each breed. Male calves were castrated at birth, a...

After a milk meal, bucket-fed calves show non-nutritive oral activities, including cross-sucking, and this can discourage producers from rearing them in groups. Sucking is known to induce a quiet state in humans and rats. We examined if nutritive sucking affects non-nutritive oral activities in calves, if it reduces arousal (assessed through behavior and cardiac activity), and if sucking a dry ...

Probiotics are a promising alternative to improve food animal productivity and health. However, scientific evidence that specific microbes can be used to benefit animal health and performance is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of administering a live culture of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii to newborn dairy calves on subsequent growth, health, and fecal microbiom...