BACKGROUND/AIMS To evaluate the feasibility and clinical outcome of a nutritional algorithm based on target calorie intake commenced as enteral nutrition (EN) alone or in combination with supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) among hospitalized patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 301 hospitalized patients who were provided with nutritional support, including EN (n=125) or EN+SPN (n=17...

The present study tested the moderating role of negative urgency (NU), a personality trait characterized by a tendency to act impulsively in the face of emotional distress, on the associations between dietary restraint, affect, and calorie intake following a mood manipulation. Undergraduate women reported levels of NU and dietary restraint and underwent a failure task intended to induce a negat...

which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Excessive calorie intake and subsequent obesity is associated with multiple chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes melli-tus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancers such as colon cancer, endometrial cancer,...

Calorie restriction can inhibit or delay carcinogenesis, reportedly due to a reduction in calorie intake rather than by concurrent changes in body mass and/or composition. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that body mass and/or composition have an important effect, independent of energy intake, on the benefits or hazards associated with calorie restriction or overeating, respectively. In...

OBJECTIVE To assess associations between dietary intake and rates of change in insulin resistance and β-cell function in Hispanic women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Sixty-two nondiabetic Hispanic women with pregnancies complicated by GDM completed oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests and bioelectrical impedance measurements of body fat ev...

BACKGROUND Little prospectively collected data are available comparing the dietary intake of urea cycle disorder (UCD) patients to UCD treatment guidelines or to healthy individuals. OBJECTIVE To examine the protein and calorie intakes of UCD subjects who participated in clinical trials of glycerol phenylbutyrate (GPB) and compare these data to published UCD dietary guidelines and nutritional...

BACKGROUND Consumption of high calorie junk foods has increased recently, especially among young adults and higher intake may cause weight gain. There is a need to develop public health approaches to motivate people to reduce their intake of junk food. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of health and social norm messages on high calorie snack food intake (a type of junk food) as a function of usu...

It is generally recognized that nitrogen balance is influenced by the energy content of the diet. Many workers have noted the sparing action of energy-rich foods on protein utilization. Bosshardt & Barnes (1946) showed that protein utilization by growing rats and mice increased with calorie intake when the animals were given isocaloric diets ad lib. Among other reports giving evidence of the pr...

It is generally recognized that nitrogen balance is influenced by the energy content of the diet. Many workers have noted the sparing action of energy-rich foods on protein utilization. Bosshardt & Barnes (1946) showed that protein utilization by growing rats and mice increased with calorie intake when the animals were given isocaloric diets ad lib. Among other reports giving evidence of the pr...

Dietary restriction (DR) extends life span in diverse organisms, including mammals, and common mechanisms may be at work. DR is often known as calorie restriction, because it has been suggested that reduction of calories, rather than of particular nutrients in the diet, mediates extension of life span in rodents. We here demonstrate that extension of life span by DR in Drosophila is not attribu...