The P.K. Morgan Mark II Ventilometer comprises a turbine transducer and a control/readout unit, which contains either a VENTX5A or VENTX6A programme. This equipment is used to measure minute ventilation during oxygen consumption tests. The precision and accuracy of six of these devices (a VENTX5A with two turbines, and two VENTX6As each with two different turbines) were examined during continuo...

Theodolites are one of a wide range of geodetic measuring instruments used in the geodesy, surveying and civil engineering industry. They are used to perform accurate angle measurements in both horizontal and vertical planes. Testing and calibration of these instruments is quite a complicated task, especially their vertical angles. Calibration of horizontal angles can be performed relatively ea...

As part of the preparation and calibration of three new National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tritiated-water radioactivity Standard Reference Materials (SRMs), the massic-activity (activity of the sample divided by the mass of the sample) ratios of all of the available NBS/NIST tritiated-water SRMs issued between 1954 and 1999 were measured using liquid-scintillation (LS) count...

As part of an international 222Rn measurement intercomparison conducted at Bermuda in October 1991, NIST provided standardized sample additions of known, but undisclosed ("blind") 222Rn concentrations that could be related to U.S. national standards. The standardized sample additions were obtained with a calibrated 226Ra source and a specially-designed manifold used to obtain well-known dilutio...

In this paper, a novel method is proposed by which to correct the pin gaps of coaxial calibration standards for Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) or Line-Reflect-Line (LRL) calibration. This post-process in pin-gap correction applied measured S-parameters device under test (DUT) after TRL LRL It based on perturbation equations derived from sensitivity-coefficient approach. These enable us obtain quantity...

A decade ago, two companies introduced electronic instruments incorporating Artifact Calibration, a technology by which an instrument calibrates itself using a small number of external standards, thereby significantly reducing the cost of calibration and simplifying their path of traceability. Some national standards laboratories have been cautious about accepting Artifact Calibration, perhaps ...

A lyophilized serum chemistry reference standard containing constituents in the “abnormal” range has been evaluated for use as a proficiency standard. The findings indicate that it is a satisfactory material for such use and as a reference standard, provided that it is used in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions. Interferences contributing to inaccurate results in the analysis of bili...

This paper focuses upon the uncertainty of force calibration measurements at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The uncertainty of the realization of force for the national deadweight force standards at NIST is discussed, as well as the uncertainties associated with NIST's voltage-ratio measuring instruments and with the characteristics of transducers being calibrated. T...

The ISO 21501-4 calibration standard for Light Scattering Air Particle counters (LSAPC) is being increasingly adopted by pharmaceutical manufacturing companies. Calibration of APC instruments is a broad and complex subject of interest to a wide variety of stakeholders. For example production engineers, cleanroom validation technicians, micro-biologists and QA specialists. The informational need...

The wavelengths of 19 spectral lines in the region 253-579 nm emitted by Hg pencil-type lamps were measured by Fourier-transform spectroscopy. Precise calibration of the spectra was obtained with wavelengths of (198)Hg as external standards. Our recommended values should be useful aswavelength-calibration standards for moderate-resolution spectrometers at an uncertainty level of 0.0001 nm.