In the central nervous system of both vertebrates and invertebrates inhibitory neurotransmission is mainly achieved through activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. Extensive studies have established the structural and pharmacological properties of vertebrate GABA receptors. Although the vast majority of insect GABA-sensitive responses share some properties with vertebrate GABAA ...

OBJECTIVES The effect of testosterone on anxiety-like behaviors has been the subject of some studies. There is evidence that testosterone modulates anxiety via GABA (gama aminobutyric acid) and GABAergic system. The involvement of GABAC receptors in those effects of testosterone on anxiety-like behaviors of the rats was investigated in the present study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A group of rats ...

Described here is a set of three-dimensional (3D) NMR experiments that rely on CACA-TOCSY magnetization transfer via the weak ³J(CαCα) coupling. These pulse sequences, which resemble recently described (13)C detected CACA-TOCSY (Takeuchi et al. 2010) experiments, are recorded in (1)H(2)O, and use (1)H excitation and detection. These experiments require alternate (13)C-(12)C labeling together wi...

Mechanisms of presynaptic inhibition were examined in giant presynaptic terminals of retinal bipolar neurons, which receive GABAergic feedback synapses from amacrine cells. Two distinct inhibitory actions of GABA are present in the terminals: a GABAA-like Cl conductance and a GABAB-like inhibition of voltage-dependent Ca current. Both of the receptors underlying these actions have unusual pharm...

We investigated the localization of GABA(A) and GABA(C) receptors in horizontal cells (HCs) and HC axon terminals (ATs) dissociated from goldfish retina, using whole-cell patch-clamping recordings. Applications of GABA on HCs induced two groups with inward currents at the holding potential of -50 mV: One was a sustained inward current in the H1 cell, with one type of HCAT (AT1), and the other w...

Ca efflux by Ca cation antiporter (CaCA) proteins is important for maintenance of Ca homeostasis across the cell membrane. Recently, the monomeric structure of the prokaryotic Na/Ca exchanger (NCX) antiporter NCX_Mj protein from Methanococcus jannaschii shows an outward-facing conformation suggesting a hypothesis of alternating substrate access for Ca efflux. To demonstrate conformational chang...

Objective(s) The effect of testosterone on anxiety-like behaviors has been the subject of some studies. There is evidence that testosterone modulates anxiety via GABA (gama aminobutyric acid) and GABAergic system. The involvement of GABAC receptors in those effects of testosterone on anxiety-like behaviors of the rats was investigated in the present study. Materials and Methods A group of ra...