Objective: Adipocyte and skeletal muscle are important tissues which contribute the development and progression of metabolic disorder. Insulin has a major regulatory function on glucose metabolism in these tissues by redistributing glucose transporter (GLUT4) from intracellular vesicles to the cell surface. Today, due to the side effects of chemical medications attendance to herbal medicines is...

Objective: GLUT4 is a type of glucose transporter and plays a central role in whole-body metabolism of carbohydrates. The muscle is the major site of GLUT4 and cell line models, to explore GLUT4 behaviors under new therapeutic approach, such as herbal components, should be evaluated. Here, C2C12 cell line is evaluated for GLUT4 translocation from intracellular compartment into the cell membrane...

Micro-696 (miR-696) has been previously known as an exercise related miRNA, which has a profound role in fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis of skeletal muscle. However, its role in skeletal myoblast proliferation and differentiation is still unclear. In this study, we found that miR-696 expressed highly in skeletal muscle and reduced during C2C12 myoblasts differentiation. MiR-69...

Anoctamin 6 (Ano6) belongs to a conserved gene family (TMEM16) predicted to code for eight transmembrane proteins with putative Ca2+-activated chloride channel (CaCC) activity. Recent work revealed that disruption of ANO6 leads to a blood coagulation defect and impaired skeletal development. However, its function in skeletal muscle cells remains to be determined. By using a RNA interference med...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs of 20-25 nucleotides in length. It has been shown that miRNAs play important roles in the proliferation of many types of cells, including myoblasts. In this study, we used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, EdU, flow cytometry, and CCK-8 assay to explore the role of miR-125a-5p during the proliferation of C...

BACKGROUND Hachimijiogan (HJG), Ba-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan in Chinese, is one of the most popular herbal medicines in Japanese Kampo. HJG is often prescribed for the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases. Muscle atrophy plays an important role in aging-related disabilities such as sarcopenia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible beneficial effect of HJG on skeletal musc...

Although C2C12 myoblasts express low levels of growth hormone receptor (GHR), we failed to see any effect of exogenous growth hormone (GH) on cell proliferation or differentiation. C2C12 cells stably overexpressing (sixfold) more in GHR (C2C12(GHR)) grew faster than parental cells in media containing 2% serum, and proliferated while parental cells died, in the absence of serum. These effects we...

To study the effects of myc oncogene on muscle differentiation, we infected the murine skeletal muscle cell line C2C12 with retroviral vectors encoding various forms of avian c- or v-myc oncogene. myc expression induced cell transformation but, unlike many other oncogenes, prevented neither biochemical differentiation, nor commitment (irreversible withdrawal from the cell cycle). Yet, myotube f...

Although, the role of tumor suppressor protein, p53 is well accepted in differentiation, it is not clear how p53 enhances differentiation in some cell lineages and inhibits others. C2C12 myoblasts permanently withdraw from cell cycle and terminally differentiate into multinucleated myotubes. BC3H1 myogenic cells however differentiate but reversibly withdraw from cell cycle and do not fuse into ...

The positive regulatory domain containing 16 (PRDM16) is commonly regarded as a "switch" controlling the transdifferentiation of myoblasts to brown adipocytes. The N-positive regulatory (PR) domain, which is highly homologous to SET domain, is a characteristic structure for the PRDM family. Many SET domain containing proteins and several PRDM members have been found to possess histone methyltra...