This paper investigates how variations in macroeconomic uncertainty distort commercial banks’ allocation of loanable funds by analyzing the dispersion of banks’ total loan-to-asset ratios over a quartercentury period. JEL: C22, C23, D81, E51.

Autophagy clears long-lived proteins and dysfunctional organelles and generates substrates for adenosine triphosphate production during periods of starvation and other types of cellular stress. Here we show that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a chromatin-associated nuclear protein and extracellular damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, is a critical regulator of autophagy. Stimuli t...

Unconjugated bile acids in the bile of healthy and diseased humans were determined qualitatively and quantitatively by means of gas-liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, after their isolation by ion-exchange chromatography. In a healthy person and three patients with cholelithiasis, unconjugated bile acids comprised 0.1-0.4% of total biliary bile acids. The bile...

Multi proxy records relating to climate and vegetation have been obtained for a core spanning the last 40 kyr from the Heqing Lake Basin (26 N, 100 E; 2200 m asl.), Yunnan Province of southwestern China. Compound-specific carbon isotope records for the vascular plant leaf wax hydrocarbons, the C23–C33 n-alkanes, and for the algal hydrocarbons, the C23 and C25 n-alkenes and a C30 cyclobotryococc...

Were evaluated natural attenuation, biostimulation and bioaugmentation on the degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in soils contaminated with diesel oil. Bioaugmentation showed the greatest degradation in the light (C12 C23) fractions (72.7%) and heavy (C23 C40) fractions of TPH (75.2%) and natural attenuation was more effective than biostimulation. The greatest dehydrogenase activ...

Urine from patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) was found to contain a number of minor bile acids along with three major bile acids, 7-epicholic acid, norcholic acid, and cholic acid. The following minor bile acids were identified by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: 7-ketobisnordeoxycholic acid; 12-ketobisnorchenodeoxycholic acid; 7-ketonordeoxycholic acid; 12...

We identified a four-component sex pheromone blend that is as attractive or more attractive to male navel orangeworm moths, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), than either unmated females or hexane extracts of pheromone glands of females. The blend consisted of (11Z,13Z)-hexadecadienal; (11Z,13Z)-hexadecadien-1-ol; (11Z,13E)-hexadecadien-1-ol; and a hydrocarbon, (3Z,6Z,9Z,12...