The radiation-induced bystander effect is the phenomenon which non-irradiated cells exhibit effects along with their different levels as a result of signals received from nearby irradiated cells. Responses of non-irradiated cells may include changes in process of translation, gene expression, cell proliferation, apoptosis and cells death. These changes are confirmed by results of some In-Vivo s...

  Introduction: Radiation Induced Bystander Effect (RIBE) which cause radiation effects in non-irradiated cells, has challenged the principle according to which radiation traversal through the nucleus of a cell is necessary for producing biological responses. What is the mechanism of this phenomenon? To have a better understanding of this rather ambiguous concept substantial number of original ...

Background The intention of cancer chemotherapy is to control the growth of cancer cells using chemical agents. However, the occurrence of second malignancies has raised concerns, leading to re-evaluation of the current strategy in use for chemotherapeutic agents. Although the mechanisms involved in second malignancy remain ambiguous, therapeutic-agent-induced non-DNA targeted effects like byst...

Radon risks derive from exposure of bronchio-epithelial cells to alpha particles. Alpha-particle exposure can result in bystander effects when irradiated cells emit signals resulting in damage to nearby unirradiated bystander cells. Bystander effects can cause downwardly-curving dose-response relations and inverse dose-rate effects. We have extended a quantitative mechanistic model of bystander...

Study to determine the induction of the bystander effect from Fe ion beam compared to x-rays in human keratinocytes I Do Heavy Ions Induce the Bystander Effect? Study to determine the induction of the bystander effect from Fe ion beam compared to x-rays in human keratinocytes Abstract The bystander effect is the observation that non-irradiated cells near a cell traversed by radiation express bi...

The radiation-induced bystander effect represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of the radiobiological effects of ionizing radiation, in that extranuclear and extracellular events may also contribute to the final biological consequences of exposure to low doses of radiation. Although radiation-induced bystander effects have been well documented in a variety of biological systems, the me...

Contemporary victimology recognizes that an understanding of the mechanism of blaming requires a comprehensive approach that includes the victim, the offender, and the bystander. However, most of the existing research on blaming focuses on the victim and the offender, ignoring the issue of bystander-blaming. This study highlights the bystander and investigates bystander-blaming by exploring som...

The bystander effect describes radiation-induced biological effects in nonirradiated cells that have received signals from irradiated cells. In a co-culture experiment, the bystander signaling is proposed to occur via the medium. Using a co-culture setup, the work in this thesis investigates the effects of temperature as an experimental parameter and linear energy transfer (LET) dependence on t...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND A growing elderly population along with advances in equipment and approaches for pre-hospital resuscitation necessitates up-to-date information when developing policies to improve elderly out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes. We examined the effects of bystander type (family or non-family) intervention on 1-month outcomes of witnessed elderly OHCA patients. ...

Using a cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 7,945 college undergraduates, we report on the association between having received Green Dot active bystander behavior training and the frequency of actual and observed self-reported active bystander behaviors as well as violence acceptance norms. Of 2,504 students aged 18 to 26 who completed the survey, 46% had heard a Green Dot speech on ca...