introduction: hydrology cycle of river basins and water resources availability in arid and semi-arid regions are highly affected by climate changes, so that recently the increase of temperature due to the increase of greenhouse gases have led to anomaly in the earth’ climate system. at present, general circulation models (gcms) are the most frequently used models for projection of different cli...

IN HIS NEWS AND ANALYSIS PIECE REPORTING ON THE NEWLY RELEASED FIFTH ASSESSMENT report (AR5) by Working Group I (WGI) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (“A Stronger IPCC Report,” 4 October, p. 23), R. A. Kerr highlights three fundamental conclusions about climate change that were assessed with equal or greater confi dence than in previous IPCC reports. He also points to th...

In the last century, changes in climate trends have been observed around planet, which resulted alterations hydrological cycle. Studies that take into account impact of change on water availability are great importance, especially Brazil’s case, where from rivers, beyond being destined for human consumption, animal watering and economic activities, has a participation electricity generation. Th...

Road transport is one of the main contributors to increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, consequently aggravating global warming, but it also sectors that most suffer from climate change, which causes extreme weather events. Thus, strategies, called adaptation measures, have been discussed minimize impacts change on systems and their infrastructure; however, a knowledge gap evident in liter...

The impact of climate change on soil temperatures at Kuujjuaq, Quebec in northern Canada is assessed. First, long-term historical temperature records (1967–1995) are statistically analyzed to provide a climatological baseline for soils 5 150 cm depths. Next, the nature relationship between atmospheric variables and determined using statistical downscaling model (SDSM) National Centers Environme...

We present recent observed climate trends for carbon dioxide concentration, global mean air temperature, and global sea level, and we compare these trends to previous model projections as summarized in the 2001 assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The IPCC scenarios and projections start in the year 1990, which is also the base year of the Kyoto protocol, i...

Many scientists felt that respect was overdue: as early as 1995, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) had concluded that there was strong scientific evidence that human activities were affecting global climate. By 2001, IPCC’s Third Assessment Report stated unequivocally that human activities are having detectable effects on the earth’s atmosphere and hydrosphere. Prominent scie...

Mountain regions worldwide are affected by climate change. Indeed, mountains represent unique areas for the detection of climate change and the assessment of climate-related impacts (Beniston 2003; Messerli & Ives 1997). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted dramatic impacts on mountain ecosystems as a result of climate change. Changing climates will potentially alt...

Global climate models often underestimate aerosol loadings in China, and these biases can have significant implications for anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing and climate effects. The biases may be caused by either the emission inventory or the treatment of aerosol processes in the models, or both, but so far no consensus has been reached. In this study, a relatively new emission inventory...