Kambeiz Talebi, the author of the Article discusses the urgent needfor topmanagers to change their style in small entrepreneurial firms during a business life cycle. Although most leadership theories assume that it is an easy task, but the case studies and practical experience suggest the opposite - managers find it hard to move from an innovative style when the company is young to taskoriente...

Manufacturers are moving more and more towards the business approach of Product/Service Systems (PSS) in order to achieve greater revenue. PSS have many benefits such as achieving closer customer connection and generating increased profit from manufactured products. However, in order to achieve a PSS which is adapted for this business approach, the products and services used need to consider a ...

This paper quantifies environmental and economic benefits of the Integrated Product Service Offering (IPSO) in real practice from a life cycle perspective, in comparison with its corresponding product-sales type business as a reference. The paper also discusses the engineering activities contributing to those effects, as well as their enablers. To reach this goal, the paper investigates three I...

in recent decades, theorists proposed the role of domestic components such as interior active groups, policies and macroeconomic indicators on determination of protection policies. in the context of recent studies, this study has investigated the effect of business cycle fluctuations on import protection for selected developing countries in 1995-2011 by using dynamic panel data method. furtherm...