This paper focuses on multi-machine communication, a communication pattern, based on I2C-bus. First, this article briefly introduces the features, byte format and communication mechanism of I2C-bus. Then, the shortcomings of I2C-bus are overcome effectively by applying I2C-bus extender and single-line handshake which is based on interrupt. After that, document adds details about data frame, add...

In planning studies, the conventional approach for steady state contingency analysis is to test all contingencies sequentially for evaluating system performance and reliability. This analysis consists of simulating outages of one or more generating units and transmission lines to study their effects on bus voltage, generator MVAR outputs and line power flows. But new challenges and uncertaintie...

Electrical distribution network reconfiguration is a complex combinatorial optimization process aimed at finding a radial operating structure that minimizes the system power loss or/and maximizes the system reliability while satisfying operating constraints. In this paper, a distribution network reconfiguration method is presented for both the indices of power loss reduction and reliability imp...

In this paper, simultaneous placement of distributed generation, capacitor bank and protective devices are utilized to improve the efficiency of the distribution network. The objectives of the problem are reduction of active and reactive power losses, improvement of voltage profile and reliability indices and increasing distribution companies’ profit. The combination of firefly algorithm, parti...

Recently, there are lots of control equipments in a train such as traction control, air conditioners and even internet access. For this reason, vehicle network must allow for the big amount of transmission data and must ensure the high reliability. After investigating about characteristics of multifunction vehicle bus, an error detection and analysis system is proposed. The proposed error analy...

In this paper, we implement a modern serial backplane platform for telecommunication inter-rack systems. For combination high reliability and low cost protocol property, we applied high level data link control (HDLC) protocol with low voltage differential signaling (LVDS) bus for card to card communicated over backplane. HDLC protocol is a high performance with several operation modes and is fa...

This paper develops and demonstrates a quality control framework for bus schedule reliability. Automatic vehicle location (AVL) devices provide necessary data; data envelopment analysis (DEA) yields a valid summary measure from partial reliability indicators; and panel data analysis provides statistical confidence boundaries for each route-direction’s DEA scores. If a route-direction’s most rec...

The Controller-Area Network (CAN) bus protocol [1] is a bus protocol invented in 1986 by Robert Bosch GmbH, originally intended for automotive use. By now, the bus can be found in devices ranging from cars and trucks, over lightning setups to industrial looms. Due to its nature, it is a system very much focused on safety, i.e., reliability. Unfortunately, there is no build-in way to enforce sec...

In substation automation system, the appropriate operation of protection, control and monitoring systems depends on connection network accuracy. One of the important topics in modern automation system is connection of primary equipment to automation system by serial network; this connection is named ‘process bus’. Generally the configuration of communication network is based on the required dat...

Even though WM-Bus is being considered to be the most promising network protocol for smart metering, it is not suitable for a sustainable real-time home energy management system (HEMS), which requires higher reliability and longer lifetime despite real time bi-directional communications. Therefore, in this paper we propose a Bitmap-wise WM-Bus (BWM-Bus), coping well with sustainable real-time H...